开始玩Struts -入门级

    技术2022-05-11  4

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    开始玩Struts -入门级 index     1.建立JDK环境     2.建立Tomcat环境     3.下载Struts     4.建立目录结构     5.准备相关的library     6.建立web.xml档     7.建立struts-config.xml档     8.建立Bean档     9.建立JSP档    10.测试    11.测试程式的Action流向图    12.下载范例程式tset.zip    13.相关网站 建立JDK环境     1.下载jdk 1.3.1.10 : http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/download.html     2.执行j2sdk-1_3_1_10-windows-i586.exe进行安装,并选择安装路径为: C:/Java/jdk1.3.1_10 建立Tomcat环境     1.下载Tomcat 4.1.30 : http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.apache.org/dist/jakarta/tomcat-4/v4.1.30/bin/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30.zip     2. unzip压缩档,并放置于C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30     3.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/conf/worker.properties档       由于本档设定值很多,请从这里下载worker.properties档即可使用。       若要使用其他版本的Tomcat或JDK,请修改如下两个设定值:        workers.tomcat_home=C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30        workers.java_home=C:/Java/jdk1.3.1_10       注意:太旧的Tomcat版本并不支援Struts/Tags方式。     4.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/Tomcat.bat ,其内容如下:        cd /Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/bin        set CATALINA_HOME=C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30        set JAVA_HOME=C:/Java/jdk1.3.1_10        startup 下载Struts     1.下载Struts 1.1 : http://archive.apache.org/dist/struts/struts-1.1/     2.更多下载档案: http://archive.apache.org/ 建立目录结构     1.建立一个测试用的目录test/ ,放置于C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/ ,其目录结构如下:        webapps/          |           --- test/                 |                  --- WEB-INF/                         |                          --- classes/                         |                          --- lib/                         |                          --- src/ 准备相关的library     1.复制以下libs,放置于C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/test/WEB-INF/lib/       这些libs可以在C:/Java/jakarta-struts-1.1/lib或是C:/Java/jakarta-struts-1.1/contrib/struts-el/lib找到        commons-beanutils.jar        commons-collections.jar        commons-digester.jar        commons-fileupload.jar        commons-lang.jar        commons-logging.jar        commons-validator.jar        jakarta-oro.jar        jstl.jar        standard.jar        struts-el.jar        struts-legacy.jar        struts.jar 建立web.xml档     1.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/test/WEB-INF/web.xml ,其内容如下:        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>        <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC              "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"              "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">        <web-app>           <display-name>My Struts</display-name>           <servlet>              <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>              <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>              <init-param>                 <param-name>application</param-name>                 <param-value>MyMessage</param-value>              </init-param>              <init-param>                 <param-name>config</param-name>                 <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>              </init-param>              <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>           </servlet>           <servlet-mapping>              <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>              <url-pattern>/do/*</url-pattern>           </servlet-mapping>        </web-app>     2.主要设定值,说明如下:        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>        <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC              "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"              "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">        <web-app>           <display-name>My Struts</display-name>           <servlet>              <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <!--定义Action Servlet -->              <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>              <init-param>                 <param-name>application</param-name>                 <param-value>MyMessage</param-value>              </init-param>              <init-param>                 <param-name>config</param-name> <!--定义Struts Config档-->                 <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>              </init-param>              <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>           </servlet>           <servlet-mapping>              <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <!--定义网页中action的使用-->              <url-pattern>/do/*</url-pattern> <!--由于定义了/do/* ,因此不能自己使用一个名为do/的子目录-->           </servlet-mapping>        </web-app> 建立struts-config.xml档     1.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/test/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml ,其内容如下:        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>        <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC              "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"              "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">        <struts-config>           <action-mappings>              <action                  path="/a_page1"                  forward="/page2.jsp"/>              <action                  path="/a_page2"                  type="MyClass"                  name="MyForm"                  scope="request">                 <forward                     name="proccess_finish"                     path="/page2.jsp"/>              </action>           </action-mappings>        </struts-config>     2.主要设定值,说明如下:        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>        <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC              "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"              "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">        <struts-config>           <!--定义网页中所有使用的action -->           <action-mappings>              <action                  path="/a_page1" <!--对应到网页的连结动作,例如<a href="do/a_page1">或<form action="do/a_page1"> -->                  forward="/page2.jsp"/> <!-- forward要连结的地方-->              <action                  path="/a_page2" <!--对应到网页的连结动作,例如<a href="do/a_page2">或<form action="do/a_page2"> -->                  type="MyClass" <!--对应bean档,例如WEB-INF/classes/MyClass.class -->                  name="MyForm" <!--网页上Form的名称,例如<form name="MyForm"> -->                  scope="request"> <!--网页上Form的各Field,送到那个物件,例如常用的request,或session, application, page -->                 <forward                     name="proccess_finish" <!-- forward动作的名称,一般是由bean的forward物件送来,例如 mapping.findForward("proccess_finish") -->                     path="/page2.jsp"/> <!-- forward要连结的地方-->              </action>           </action-mappings>        </struts-config> 建立Bean档     1.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/test/WEB-INF/src/MyClass.java ,其内容如下:        import org.apache.struts.action.Action;        import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;        import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;        import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;        import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;        public final class MyClass extends Action {           public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {              /*-- forward的名称,对应到struts-config.xml中名为forward name="proccess_finish"的设定*/              return (mapping.findForward("proccess_finish"));           }        }     2.使用javac MyClass.java得到MyClass.class,并放置于C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/test/WEB-INF/classes/ 建立JSP档     1.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/page1.jsp ,其内容如下:        <html>        <body>        <h1>My Struts: page1.jsp</h1>        <a href="do/a_page1">do/a_page1</a><br>        <a href="do/a_page2">do/a_page2</a><br>        </body>        </html>     2.用文书编辑软体,建立C:/Java/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/page2.jsp ,其内容如下:        <html>        <body>        <h1>My Struts: page2.jsp</h1>        </body>        </html> 测试     1.点击C:/Java/Tomcat.bat以启动Tomcat,此时会蹦出一个Tomcat服务视窗。     2.开启浏览器,并输入http://localhost:8080/test/page1.jsp进行网址测试。     3.点击page1.jsp上的两个url,若都顺利连结page2.jsp ,即表示测试成功。     4.若有异动WEB-INF/目录下的档案,包含*.xml, *.class等档案,则必须关闭Tomcat服务视窗,再点击C:/Java/Tomcat.bat重启Tomcat 。 测试程式的Action流向图     1.以下图案表示page1.jsp中,Action: /a_page1的流向:       表示page1.jsp中,Action: /a_page1的流向     2.以下图案表示page1.jsp中,Action: /a_page2的流向:       表示page1.jsp中,Action: /a_page2的流向 下载范例程式tset.zip     1.本test.zip含上述*.jsp, *.class, *.xml,等档案,并已收录成一个名为test/目录。     2.因jar档众多且档案大,因此本test.zip不含test/WEB-INF/lib/目录下的library,请自行从jakarta-struts-1.1.zip中取得。     3. Download: test.zip 相关网站 http://www.matrix.org.cn/subject/struts/website_forum.htm http://www.huihoo.com/java/struts/7.html http://www.cn-java.com/target/news.php?news_id=2840 http://www.hot.net.tw/book/014/NE20191.htm http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/index.html http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/userGuide/index.html

     

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