VC++ 2005编译出程序在XP下执行出错的解决方法

2006年09月18日 星期一 02:10 这个问题主要出现在XP环境下运行由Visual C++2003/2005编译的MFC程序时 问题现象是XP运行此类程序时,报错"由于应用程序配置不正确,应用程序未能启动.重新安装应用程序可能会纠正这个问题" 这个问题似乎许多人遇见过.在和微软社区里面都有人提到.但是没有完整的解决方案 这个问题的解决一共会遇见2个子问题 下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表 若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库 单线程 (libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 多线程 (libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 使用 DLL 的多线程 (msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 调试单线程 (libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 调试多线程 (libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 使用 DLL 的调试多线程 (msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib

 

最早出现这个错误我和许多人认为的一样认为是缺乏DLL库文件导致.但是在测试机复制了DLL甚至安装了.net framework 2.0以后都无法解决问题,最后确认不是由缺乏DLL所致因为程序是纯win32的应用程,非托管代码,所以也无需.net framework

Visual C++2003/2005默认的MFC程序是使用动态MFC库(Use MFC in a Shared DLL)来链接的而动态MFC库使用的是Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)由于XP对于PE文件格式监测更加严格.就会导致部分使用多线程DLL的可执行文件在调用的时候出错修改项目属性的编译开关Project->Property->configuration Properties->C/C++->Code Generation->Runtime Library修改成Multi-threaded (/MT)修改了Runtime类型以后需要将MFC的编译类型也改成静态库Project->Property->configuration Properties->General->Use of MFC修改成Use MFC in a Static Library一部分情况下在这步就能解决问题另外一部分情况会遇见如下情况编译器报错

CODE:nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)[Copy to clipboard]

产生这个问题的原因是库依赖关系在Project->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Command Line加入编译开关/verbose:lib可以显示详细的库链接顺序

CODE:

------ Build started: Project: PerfMonDemo, Configuration: Release Win32 ------Linking...Searching librariesSearching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/pdh.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/DelayImp.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcpmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/nafxcw.lib:nafxcw.lib(afxmem.obj) : error LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int)" (??_U@YAPAXI@Z) already defined in libcpmt.lib(newaop.obj)Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/kernel32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/user32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/gdi32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/msimg32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/comdlg32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/winspool.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/advapi32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/shell32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/comctl32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/shlwapi.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/uuid.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oledlg.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/ole32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oleaut32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/urlmon.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/OLDNAMES.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/atls.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/ws2_32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/mswsock.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oleacc.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/pdh.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/DelayImp.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcpmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/nafxcw.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/kernel32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/user32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/gdi32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/msimg32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/comdlg32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/winspool.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/advapi32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/shell32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/comctl32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/shlwapi.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/uuid.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oledlg.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/ole32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oleaut32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/urlmon.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/OLDNAMES.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/atls.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/ws2_32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/mswsock.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oleacc.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/pdh.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/DelayImp.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcpmt.lib:Finished searching librariesSearching librariesSearching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/pdh.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/DelayImp.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcpmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/nafxcw.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/kernel32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/user32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/gdi32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/msimg32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/comdlg32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/winspool.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/advapi32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/shell32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/comctl32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/shlwapi.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/uuid.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oledlg.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/ole32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oleaut32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/urlmon.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/OLDNAMES.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/atls.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/ws2_32.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/mswsock.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/oleacc.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/PlatformSDK/lib/pdh.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/DelayImp.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/lib/libcpmt.lib:Searching d:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/atlmfc/lib/nafxcw.lib:Finished searching libraries./Release/PerfMonDemo.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols foundBuild log was saved at "file://d:/Dev/Performance Monitor/Release/BuildLog.htm"PerfMonDemo - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

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我们发现在libcpmt.lib声明过的operator new在nafxcw.lib中再次定义解决方法如下Project->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies加入nafxcw.liblibcpmt.libProject->Property->configuration Properties->Linker->Input->Ignore Specific Library加入nafxcw.liblibcpmt.lib这样链接程序就不会先按照默认顺序来连接这两个库文件而是在最后在加入对他们的引用.这样就避免了这个问题 下面是一张可能发生冲突的列表若要使用此运行时库 请忽略这些库 单线程 (libc.lib) libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 多线程 (libcmt.lib) libc.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 使用 DLL 的多线程 (msvcrt.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 调试单线程 (libcd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcmtd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 调试多线程 (libcmtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、msvcrtd.lib 使用 DLL 的调试多线程 (msvcrtd.lib) libc.lib、libcmt.lib、msvcrt.lib、libcd.lib、libcmtd.lib