Acegi安全系统详解

    技术2022-05-11  61

    Acegi是Spring Framework 下 最成熟的安全系统,它提供了强大灵活的 企业级安全服务,如:     1 : 完善的认证和授权机制,     2 : Http资源访问控制,     3 : Method 调用访问控制,     4 : Access Control List (ACL) 基于对象实例的访问控制,     5 : Yale Central Authentication Service (CAS) 耶鲁单点登陆,     6 : X509 认证,     7 : 当前所有流行容器的认证适配器,     8 : Channel Security频道安全管理等功能。 具体 : Http资源访问控制 http://apps:8080/index.htm -> for public http://apps:8080/user.htm -> for authorized user 方法调用访问控制public void getData() -> all userpublic void modifyData() -> supervisor only 对象实例保护order.getValue() < $100 -> all userorder.getValue() > $100 -> supervisor only

    Acegi是非入侵式安全架构 因为 :

    基于Servlet FilterSpring aop,  使商业逻辑安全逻辑分开,结构更清晰 使用Spring 来代理对象,能方便地保护方法调用

     基于角色的权限控制(RBAC)  :Acegi 自带的 sample 表设计很简单: users表{username,password,enabled} authorities表{username,authority},这样简单的设计无法适应复杂的权限需求,故SpringSide选用RBAC模型权限控制数据库表进行扩展。 RBACRole-Based Access Control)引入了ROLE的概念,使User(用户)和Permission(权限)分离,一个用户拥有多个角色,一个角色拥有有多个相应的权限,从而减少了权限管理的复杂度,可更灵活地支持安全策略。

    同时,我们也引入了resource(资源)的概念,一个资源对应多个权限,资源分为ACL,URL,和FUNTION三种。注意,URL和FUNTION的权限命名需要以AUTH_开头才会有资格参加投票, 同样的ACL权限命名需要ACL_开头。2.1  在Web.xml中的配置 :

    1)  FilterToBeanProxy  Acegi通过实现了Filter接口的FilterToBeanProxy提供一种特殊的使用Servlet Filter的方式,它委托Spring中的Bean -- FilterChainProxy来完成过滤功能,这好处是简化了web.xml的配置,并且充分利用了Spring IOC的优势。FilterChainProxy包含了处理认证过程的filter列表,每个filter都有各自的功能。

    1 < filter > 2      < filter - name > securityFilter </ filter - name > 3      < filter - class > org.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy </ filter - class > 4      < init - param > 5          < param - name > targetClass </ param - name > 6          < param - value > org.acegisecurity.util.FilterChainProxy </ param - value > 7      </ init - param > 8 </ filter >

    2) filter-mapping  <filter-mapping>限定了FilterToBeanProxy的URL匹配模式,

     1 < filter - mapping >  2      < filter - name > securityFilter </ filter - name >  3      < url - pattern >/ j_security_check </ url - pattern >  4 </ filter - mapping >  5  6 < filter - mapping >  7      < filter - name > securityFilter </ filter - name >  8      < url - pattern >/ dwr /*</url-pattern> 9</filter-mapping>1011<filter-mapping>12    <filter-name>securityFilter</filter-name>13    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>14</filter-mapping>1516<filter-mapping>17    <filter-name>securityFilter</filter-name>18    <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>19</filter-mapping>  

    3) HttpSessionEventPublisher  <listener>的HttpSessionEventPublisher用于发布HttpSessionApplicationEvents和HttpSessionDestroyedEvent事件给spring的applicationcontext

    1      < listener > 2          < listener - class > org.acegisecurity.ui.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher </ listener - class > 3      </ listener > 4

    注:appfuse1.9.3中没有发现这个 监听器--------------------------------------2.2 : 在applicationContext-acegi-security.xml中2.2.1 FILTER CHAINFilterChainProxy会按顺序来调用这些filter,使这些filter能享用Spring ioc的功能, CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON定义了url比较前先转为小写, PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT定义了使用Apache ant的匹配模式 

     1      < bean id = " filterChainProxy "   class = " org.acegisecurity.util.FilterChainProxy " >  2          < property name = " filterInvocationDefinitionSource " >  3              < value >  4                 CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON  5                 PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT  6                 /**=httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter,authenticationProcessingFilter, 7                                 basicProcessingFilter,rememberMeProcessingFilter,anonymousProcessingFilter, 8                                exceptionTranslationFilter,filterInvocationInterceptor,securityEnforcementFilter 9            </value>10        </property>11    </bean>

     

    这里补充一段别人的教程  : 其中对web路径请求的认证中,我们需要了解一下 securityEnforcementFilter 1 < bean id = " securityEnforcementFilter "   class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.SecurityEnforcementFilter " > 2       < property name = " filterSecurityInterceptor " > 3           < ref local = " filterInvocationInterceptor " /> 4       </ property > 5 6       < property name = " authenticationEntryPoint " > 7           < ref local = " authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " /> 8       </ property > 9 </ bean > 这里,主要是 filterInvocationInterceptor 1 < bean id = " filterInvocationInterceptor "   class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor " >  2        < property name = " authenticationManager " >< ref bean = " authenticationManager " /></ property >  3        < property name = " accessDecisionManager " >< ref local = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " /></ property >  4        < property name = " objectDefinitionSource " >  5           < value >  6                   CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON  7                   PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT  8                    / wo.html = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER  9                    / index.jsp = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 10                   / hello.htm = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 11                   / logoff.jsp = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 12                   / switchuser.jsp = ROLE_SUPERVISOR 13                   / j_acegi_switch_user = ROLE_SUPERVISOR 14                   / acegilogin.jsp *= ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 15                   /**=ROLE_USER16         </value>17      </property>18</bean>        在此,主要对 objectDefinitionSource值进行处理。这里配置了很多path=role ,    其作用就是在请求指定的路径时, 是需要当前用户具有对应的角色的,如果具有相应角色,则正常访问。否则跳转至   这里需要说明的就是/index.jsp= ROLE_ ANONYMOUS, ROLE_USER 这里的角色, ROLE_是标记,ANONYMOUS 是角色名称。 ANONYMOUS是只可以匿名访问,  这个角色无需定义。 而ROLE_USER 中的USER则是用户定义的,接下来我们介绍这部分:   用户角色管理: acegi security提供了用户角色的获取接口,以及一个缺省的实现(包括对应的数据库表定义) 1 < bean id = " jdbcDaoImpl "   class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl " > 2        < property name = " dataSource " >< ref bean = " dataSource " /></ property > 3 </ bean > 可参看这里的net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl,需要注意的是这个dao的实现是同acegi security提供的表定义一致的。 如果这个角色和用户处理模型不能满足自己的需要,自己可以提供自己的实现。只需要将 1 < bean id = " jdbcDaoImpl "   class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl " > 修改成自己类实现即可。

      从严格意义上来说,以下权限部分的介绍应该不在acegi security处理的范围之内,不过acegi security是提供了相应的机制的:权限管理权限在acegi security 主要以acl的概念出现:即 access control list    

    1 < bean id = " basicAclExtendedDao "   class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.acl.basic.jdbc.JdbcExtendedDaoImpl " > 2        < property name = " dataSource " >< ref bean = " dataSource " /></ property > 3     </ bean > 4

       这个类实现中有acl的产生,获取和删除操作   应用数据权限的处理:   如果我们应用数据的权限要借助于acegi security 来实现的话,那主要工作就是调用 basicAclExtendedDao 中的相关方法。阅读basicAclExtendedDao即可明白。  

    以上简要的介绍了一下自己学习acegi security的一些了解。自己最后得出的结论是,如果自己的应用规模很小,完全可以不用acegi security。如果要用acegi security,很多时候是需要重新实现自己的权限和用户模型的。

    引入别人教程完毕

    2.2.2 基础认证

    1) authenticationManager  起到认证管理的作用,它将验证的功能委托给多个Provider,并通过遍历Providers, 以保证获取不同来源的身份认证,若某个Provider能成功确认当前用户的身份,authenticate()方法会返回一个完整的包含用户授权信息的Authentication对象,否则会抛出一个AuthenticationException。Acegi提供了不同的AuthenticationProvider的实现,如:

     1         DaoAuthenticationProvider 从数据库中读取用户信息验证身份  2         AnonymousAuthenticationProvider 匿名用户身份认证  3         RememberMeAuthenticationProvider 已存cookie中的用户信息身份认证  4         AuthByAdapterProvider 使用容器的适配器验证身份  5         CasAuthenticationProvider 根据Yale中心认证服务验证身份, 用于实现单点登陆  6         JaasAuthenticationProvider 从JASS登陆配置中获取用户信息验证身份  7         RemoteAuthenticationProvider 根据远程服务验证用户身份  8         RunAsImplAuthenticationProvider 对身份已被管理器替换的用户进行验证  9         X509AuthenticationProvider 从X509认证中获取用户信息验证身份 10         TestingAuthenticationProvider 单元测试时使用

     

    1 < bean id = " authenticationManager "   class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.ProviderManager " > 2          < property name = " providers " > 3              < list > 4                  < ref local = " daoAuthenticationProvider " /> 5                  < ref local = " anonymousAuthenticationProvider " /> 6                  < ref local = " rememberMeAuthenticationProvider " /> 7              </ list > 8          </ property > 9 </ bean >

    每个认证者会对自己指定的证明信息进行认证,如DaoAuthenticationProvider仅对UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken这个证明信息进行认证。2) daoAuthenticationProvider  进行简单的基于数据库的身份验证。DaoAuthenticationProvider获取数据库中的账号密码并进行匹配,若成功则在通过用户身份的同时返回一个包含授权信息的Authentication对象,否则身份验证失败,抛出一个AuthenticatiionException。

    1 < bean id = " daoAuthenticationProvider "   class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider " >          2      < property name = " userDetailsService "  ref = " jdbcDaoImpl " />          3      < property name = " userCache "  ref = " userCache " />          4      < property name = " passwordEncoder "  ref = " passwordEncoder " />     5 </ bean > 3) passwordEncoder   使用加密器对用户输入的明文进行加密。Acegi提供了三种加密器: 1 a :  PlaintextPasswordEncoder—默认,不加密,返回明文. 2 b : ShaPasswordEncoder—哈希算法(SHA)加密 3 c : Md5PasswordEncoder—消息摘要(MD5)加密 1 < bean id = " passwordEncoder "   class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder " /> 4) jdbcDaoImpl  用于在数据中获取用户信息。 acegi提供了用户及授权的表结构,但是您也可以自己来实现。通过usersByUsernameQuery这个SQL得到你的(用户ID,密码,状态信息);通过authoritiesByUsernameQuery这个SQL得到你的(用户ID,授权信息)  1 < bean id = " jdbcDaoImpl "   class = " org.acegisecurity.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl " >  2      < property name = " dataSource "  ref = " dataSource " />  3      < property name = " usersByUsernameQuery " >       4          < value > select loginid,passwd, 1  from users where loginid  =   ?</ value >  5      </ property >          6      < property name = " authoritiesByUsernameQuery " >       7          < value >     8              select u.loginid,p.name from users u,roles r,permissions p,    9              user_role ur,role_permis rp where u.id = ur.user_id and    10              r.id = ur.role_id and p.id = rp.permis_id and r.id = rp.role_id and     11              p.status = ' 1 '  and u.loginid =?      12          </ value > 13      </ property > 14 </ bean >

    5) userCache &  resourceCache  缓存用户和资源相对应的权限信息。每当请求一个受保护资源时,daoAuthenticationProvider就会被调用以获取用户授权信息。如果每次都从数据库获取的话,那代价很高,对于不常改变的用户和资源信息来说,最好是把相关授权信息缓存起来。(详见 2.6.3 资源权限定义扩展 )userCache提供了两种实现: NullUserCacheEhCacheBasedUserCache, NullUserCache实际上就是不进行任何缓存,EhCacheBasedUserCache是使用Ehcache来实现缓功能。

     1 < bean id = " userCacheBackend "   class = " org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean " >  2      < property name = " cacheManager "  ref = " cacheManager " />  3      < property name = " cacheName "  value = " userCache " />  4 </ bean >  5  6 < bean id = " userCache "             class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.dao.cache.EhCacheBasedUserCache "  autowire = " byName " >  7      < property name = " cache "  ref = " userCacheBackend " />     8 </ bean >  9 10 < bean id = " resourceCacheBackend "   class = " org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean " > 11      < property name = " cacheManager "  ref = " cacheManager " /> 12      < property name = " cacheName "  value = " resourceCache " /> 13 </ bean > 14 15 < bean id = " resourceCache "            class = " org.springside.modules.security.service.acegi.cache.ResourceCache "  autowire = " byName " > 16      < property name = " cache "  ref = " resourceCacheBackend " /> 17 </ bean > 6) basicProcessingFilter   用于处理HTTP头的认证信息,如从Spring远程协议(如Hessian和Burlap)或普通的浏览器如IE,Navigator的HTTP头中获取用户信息,将他们转交给通过authenticationManager属性装配的认证管理器。如果认证成功,会将一个Authentication对象放到会话中,否则,如果认证失败,会将控制转交给认证入口点(通过authenticationEntryPoint属性装配) 1 < bean id = " basicProcessingFilter "   class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.basicauth.BasicProcessingFilter " > 2      < property name = " authenticationManager "  ref = " authenticationManager " /> 3      < property name = " authenticationEntryPoint "  ref = " basicProcessingFilterEntryPoint " /> 4 </ bean >

    7) basicProcessingFilterEntryPoint  通过向浏览器发送一个HTTP401(未授权)消息,提示用户登录。处理基于HTTP的授权过程, 在当验证过程出现异常后的"去向",通常实现转向、在response里加入error信息等功能。

    1   < bean id = " basicProcessingFilterEntryPoint "   2              class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.basicauth.BasicProcessingFilterEntryPoint " >     3      < property name = " realmName "  value = " SpringSide Realm " /> 4 </ bean >  

    8) authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint        当抛出AccessDeniedException时,将用户重定向到登录界面。属性loginFormUrl配置了一个登录表单的URL,当需要用户登录时,authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint会将用户重定向到该URL 

    1 < bean id = " authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint "   2        class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " >          3      < property name = " loginFormUrl " >              4           < value >/ security / login.jsp </ value >          5      </ property >     6      < property name = " forceHttps "  value = " false " /> 7 </ bean >

     

    2.2.3 HTTP安全请求

    1) httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter  每次request前 HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter从Session中获取Authentication对象,在request完后, 又把Authentication对象保存到Session中供下次request使用,此filter必须其他Acegi filter前使用,使之能跨越多个请求。 

    1 < bean id = " httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter "   2                  class = " org.acegisecurity.context.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter " />

    2) httpRequestAccessDecisionManager  经过投票机制来决定是否可以访问某一资源(URL方法)。allowIfAllAbstainDecisions为false时如果有一个或以上的decisionVoters投票通过,则授权通过。可选的决策机制有ConsensusBased和UnanimousBased

    1 < bean id = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager "   class = " org.acegisecurity.vote.AffirmativeBased " > 2      < property name = " allowIfAllAbstainDecisions "  value = " false " /> 3      < property name = " decisionVoters " >    4          < list > 5              < ref bean = " roleVoter " />    6          </ list > 7      </ property > 8 </ bean >

    3) roleVoter   必须是以rolePrefix设定的value开头的权限才能进行投票,如AUTH_ , ROLE_

    1 < bean id = " roleVoter "   class = " org.acegisecurity.vote.RoleVoter " > 2      < property name = " rolePrefix "  value = " AUTH_ " />     3 </ bean >

    4)exceptionTranslationFilter  异常转换过滤器,主要是处理AccessDeniedException和AuthenticationException,将给每个异常找到合适的"去向" 

    1 < bean id = " exceptionTranslationFilter "   class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.ExceptionTranslationFilter " >    2      < property name = " authenticationEntryPoint "  ref = " authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " />   3 </ bean >

    5) authenticationProcessingFilter  和servlet spec差不多,处理登陆请求.当身份验证成功时,AuthenticationProcessingFilter会在会话中放置一个Authentication对象,并且重定向到登录成功页面         authenticationFailureUrl定义登陆失败时转向的页面         defaultTargetUrl定义登陆成功时转向的页面         filterProcessesUrl定义登陆请求的页面         rememberMeServices用于在验证成功后添加cookie信息

     1 < bean id = " authenticationProcessingFilter "                  class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilter " >  2      < property name = " authenticationManager "  ref = " authenticationManager " />  3      < property name = " authenticationFailureUrl " >  4          < value >/ security / login.jsp ? login_error = 1 </ value >  5      </ property >  6      < property name = " defaultTargetUrl " >  7          < value >/ admin / index.jsp </ value >  8      </ property >  9      < property name = " filterProcessesUrl " > 10          < value >/ j_acegi_security_check </ value > 11      </ property > 12      < property name = " rememberMeServices "  ref = " rememberMeServices " /> 13 </ bean >

    6) filterInvocationInterceptor  在执行转向url前检查objectDefinitionSource中设定的用户权限信息。首先,objectDefinitionSource中定义了访问URL需要的属性信息(这里的属性信息仅仅是标志,告诉accessDecisionManager要用哪些voter来投票)。然后,authenticationManager掉用自己的provider来对用户的认证信息进行校验。最后,有投票者根据用户持有认证和访问url需要的属性,调用自己的voter来投票,决定是否允许访问。

    1 < bean id = " filterInvocationInterceptor "   class = " org.acegisecurity.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor " > 2      < property name = " authenticationManager "  ref = " authenticationManager " /> 3      < property name = " accessDecisionManager "  ref = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " /> 4      < property name = " objectDefinitionSource "  ref = " filterDefinitionSource " /> 5 </ bean >

    7)filterDefinitionSource(详见 2.6.3 资源权限定义扩展)  自定义DBFilterInvocationDefinitionSource从数据库和cache中读取保护资源及其需要的访问权限信息 

    1 < bean id = " filterDefinitionSource "   2    class = " org.springside.modules.security.service.acegi.DBFilterInvocationDefinitionSource " >          3      < property name = " convertUrlToLowercaseBeforeComparison "  value = " true " />          4      < property name = " useAntPath "  value = " true " />          5      < property name = " acegiCacheManager "  ref = " acegiCacheManager " /> 6 </ bean >

    2.2.4 方法调用安全控制

     

    (详见 2.6.3 资源权限定义扩展)

    1) methodSecurityInterceptor  在执行方法前进行拦截,检查用户权限信息

    1 < bean id = " methodSecurityInterceptor "   2          class = " org.acegisecurity.intercept.method.aopalliance.MethodSecurityInterceptor " >          3      < property name = " authenticationManager "  ref = " authenticationManager " />          4      < property name = " accessDecisionManager "  ref = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " />          5      < property name = " objectDefinitionSource "  ref = " methodDefinitionSource " /> 6 </ bean >

    2) methodDefinitionSource  自定义MethodDefinitionSource从cache中读取权限

    1 < bean id = " methodDefinitionSource "   2        class = " org.springside.modules.security.service.acegi.DBMethodDefinitionSource " >          3      < property name = " acegiCacheManager "  ref = " acegiCacheManager " />      4 </ bean >

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