Acegi是非入侵式安全架构 因为 :
基于Servlet Filter和Spring aop, 使商业逻辑和安全逻辑分开,结构更清晰 使用Spring 来代理对象,能方便地保护方法调用基于角色的权限控制(RBAC) :Acegi 自带的 sample 表设计很简单: users表{username,password,enabled} authorities表{username,authority},这样简单的设计无法适应复杂的权限需求,故SpringSide选用RBAC模型对权限控制数据库表进行扩展。 RBAC(Role-Based Access Control)引入了ROLE的概念,使User(用户)和Permission(权限)分离,一个用户拥有多个角色,一个角色拥有有多个相应的权限,从而减少了权限管理的复杂度,可更灵活地支持安全策略。
同时,我们也引入了resource(资源)的概念,一个资源对应多个权限,资源分为ACL,URL,和FUNTION三种。注意,URL和FUNTION的权限命名需要以AUTH_开头才会有资格参加投票, 同样的ACL权限命名需要ACL_开头。2.1 在Web.xml中的配置 :
1) FilterToBeanProxy Acegi通过实现了Filter接口的FilterToBeanProxy提供一种特殊的使用Servlet Filter的方式,它委托Spring中的Bean -- FilterChainProxy来完成过滤功能,这好处是简化了web.xml的配置,并且充分利用了Spring IOC的优势。FilterChainProxy包含了处理认证过程的filter列表,每个filter都有各自的功能。
1 < filter > 2 < filter - name > securityFilter </ filter - name > 3 < filter - class > org.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy </ filter - class > 4 < init - param > 5 < param - name > targetClass </ param - name > 6 < param - value > org.acegisecurity.util.FilterChainProxy </ param - value > 7 </ init - param > 8 </ filter >2) filter-mapping <filter-mapping>限定了FilterToBeanProxy的URL匹配模式,
1 < filter - mapping > 2 < filter - name > securityFilter </ filter - name > 3 < url - pattern >/ j_security_check </ url - pattern > 4 </ filter - mapping > 5 6 < filter - mapping > 7 < filter - name > securityFilter </ filter - name > 8 < url - pattern >/ dwr /**/ /*</url-pattern> 9</filter-mapping>1011<filter-mapping>12 <filter-name>securityFilter</filter-name>13 <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>14</filter-mapping>1516<filter-mapping>17 <filter-name>securityFilter</filter-name>18 <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>19</filter-mapping>3) HttpSessionEventPublisher <listener>的HttpSessionEventPublisher用于发布HttpSessionApplicationEvents和HttpSessionDestroyedEvent事件给spring的applicationcontext。
1 < listener > 2 < listener - class > org.acegisecurity.ui.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher </ listener - class > 3 </ listener > 4注:appfuse1.9.3中没有发现这个 监听器--------------------------------------2.2 : 在applicationContext-acegi-security.xml中2.2.1 FILTER CHAINFilterChainProxy会按顺序来调用这些filter,使这些filter能享用Spring ioc的功能, CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON定义了url比较前先转为小写, PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT定义了使用Apache ant的匹配模式
1 < bean id = " filterChainProxy " class = " org.acegisecurity.util.FilterChainProxy " > 2 < property name = " filterInvocationDefinitionSource " > 3 < value > 4 CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON 5 PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT 6 /** */ /**=httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter,authenticationProcessingFilter, 7 basicProcessingFilter,rememberMeProcessingFilter,anonymousProcessingFilter, 8 exceptionTranslationFilter,filterInvocationInterceptor,securityEnforcementFilter 9 </value>10 </property>11 </bean>这里补充一段别人的教程 : 其中对web路径请求的认证中,我们需要了解一下 securityEnforcementFilter 1 < bean id = " securityEnforcementFilter " class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.SecurityEnforcementFilter " > 2 < property name = " filterSecurityInterceptor " > 3 < ref local = " filterInvocationInterceptor " /> 4 </ property > 5 6 < property name = " authenticationEntryPoint " > 7 < ref local = " authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " /> 8 </ property > 9 </ bean > 这里,主要是 filterInvocationInterceptor, 1 < bean id = " filterInvocationInterceptor " class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor " > 2 < property name = " authenticationManager " >< ref bean = " authenticationManager " /></ property > 3 < property name = " accessDecisionManager " >< ref local = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " /></ property > 4 < property name = " objectDefinitionSource " > 5 < value > 6 CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON 7 PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT 8 / wo.html = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 9 / index.jsp = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 10 / hello.htm = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 11 / logoff.jsp = ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 12 / switchuser.jsp = ROLE_SUPERVISOR 13 / j_acegi_switch_user = ROLE_SUPERVISOR 14 / acegilogin.jsp *= ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_USER 15 /** */ /**=ROLE_USER16 </value>17 </property>18</bean> 在此,主要对 objectDefinitionSource值进行处理。这里配置了很多path=role , 其作用就是在请求指定的路径时, 是需要当前用户具有对应的角色的,如果具有相应角色,则正常访问。否则跳转至 这里需要说明的就是/index.jsp= ROLE_ ANONYMOUS, ROLE_USER 这里的角色, ROLE_是标记,ANONYMOUS 是角色名称。 ANONYMOUS是只可以匿名访问, 这个角色无需定义。 而ROLE_USER 中的USER则是用户定义的,接下来我们介绍这部分: 用户角色管理: acegi security提供了用户角色的获取接口,以及一个缺省的实现(包括对应的数据库表定义) 1 < bean id = " jdbcDaoImpl " class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl " > 2 < property name = " dataSource " >< ref bean = " dataSource " /></ property > 3 </ bean > 可参看这里的net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl,需要注意的是这个dao的实现是同acegi security提供的表定义一致的。 如果这个角色和用户处理模型不能满足自己的需要,自己可以提供自己的实现。只需要将 1 < bean id = " jdbcDaoImpl " class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl " > 修改成自己类实现即可。
从严格意义上来说,以下权限部分的介绍应该不在acegi security处理的范围之内,不过acegi security是提供了相应的机制的:权限管理权限在acegi security 主要以acl的概念出现:即 access control list
1 < bean id = " basicAclExtendedDao " class = " net.sf.acegisecurity.acl.basic.jdbc.JdbcExtendedDaoImpl " > 2 < property name = " dataSource " >< ref bean = " dataSource " /></ property > 3 </ bean > 4这个类实现中有acl的产生,获取和删除操作 应用数据权限的处理: 如果我们应用数据的权限要借助于acegi security 来实现的话,那主要工作就是调用 basicAclExtendedDao 中的相关方法。阅读basicAclExtendedDao即可明白。
以上简要的介绍了一下自己学习acegi security的一些了解。自己最后得出的结论是,如果自己的应用规模很小,完全可以不用acegi security。如果要用acegi security,很多时候是需要重新实现自己的权限和用户模型的。
引入别人教程完毕
2.2.2 基础认证1) authenticationManager 起到认证管理的作用,它将验证的功能委托给多个Provider,并通过遍历Providers, 以保证获取不同来源的身份认证,若某个Provider能成功确认当前用户的身份,authenticate()方法会返回一个完整的包含用户授权信息的Authentication对象,否则会抛出一个AuthenticationException。Acegi提供了不同的AuthenticationProvider的实现,如:
1 DaoAuthenticationProvider 从数据库中读取用户信息验证身份 2 AnonymousAuthenticationProvider 匿名用户身份认证 3 RememberMeAuthenticationProvider 已存cookie中的用户信息身份认证 4 AuthByAdapterProvider 使用容器的适配器验证身份 5 CasAuthenticationProvider 根据Yale中心认证服务验证身份, 用于实现单点登陆 6 JaasAuthenticationProvider 从JASS登陆配置中获取用户信息验证身份 7 RemoteAuthenticationProvider 根据远程服务验证用户身份 8 RunAsImplAuthenticationProvider 对身份已被管理器替换的用户进行验证 9 X509AuthenticationProvider 从X509认证中获取用户信息验证身份 10 TestingAuthenticationProvider 单元测试时使用1 < bean id = " authenticationManager " class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.ProviderManager " > 2 < property name = " providers " > 3 < list > 4 < ref local = " daoAuthenticationProvider " /> 5 < ref local = " anonymousAuthenticationProvider " /> 6 < ref local = " rememberMeAuthenticationProvider " /> 7 </ list > 8 </ property > 9 </ bean >
每个认证者会对自己指定的证明信息进行认证,如DaoAuthenticationProvider仅对UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken这个证明信息进行认证。2) daoAuthenticationProvider 进行简单的基于数据库的身份验证。DaoAuthenticationProvider获取数据库中的账号密码并进行匹配,若成功则在通过用户身份的同时返回一个包含授权信息的Authentication对象,否则身份验证失败,抛出一个AuthenticatiionException。
1 < bean id = " daoAuthenticationProvider " class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider " > 2 < property name = " userDetailsService " ref = " jdbcDaoImpl " /> 3 < property name = " userCache " ref = " userCache " /> 4 < property name = " passwordEncoder " ref = " passwordEncoder " /> 5 </ bean > 3) passwordEncoder 使用加密器对用户输入的明文进行加密。Acegi提供了三种加密器: 1 a : PlaintextPasswordEncoder—默认,不加密,返回明文. 2 b : ShaPasswordEncoder—哈希算法(SHA)加密 3 c : Md5PasswordEncoder—消息摘要(MD5)加密 1 < bean id = " passwordEncoder " class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder " /> 4) jdbcDaoImpl 用于在数据中获取用户信息。 acegi提供了用户及授权的表结构,但是您也可以自己来实现。通过usersByUsernameQuery这个SQL得到你的(用户ID,密码,状态信息);通过authoritiesByUsernameQuery这个SQL得到你的(用户ID,授权信息) 1 < bean id = " jdbcDaoImpl " class = " org.acegisecurity.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl " > 2 < property name = " dataSource " ref = " dataSource " /> 3 < property name = " usersByUsernameQuery " > 4 < value > select loginid,passwd, 1 from users where loginid = ?</ value > 5 </ property > 6 < property name = " authoritiesByUsernameQuery " > 7 < value > 8 select u.loginid,p.name from users u,roles r,permissions p, 9 user_role ur,role_permis rp where u.id = ur.user_id and 10 r.id = ur.role_id and p.id = rp.permis_id and r.id = rp.role_id and 11 p.status = ' 1 ' and u.loginid =? 12 </ value > 13 </ property > 14 </ bean >5) userCache & resourceCache 缓存用户和资源相对应的权限信息。每当请求一个受保护资源时,daoAuthenticationProvider就会被调用以获取用户授权信息。如果每次都从数据库获取的话,那代价很高,对于不常改变的用户和资源信息来说,最好是把相关授权信息缓存起来。(详见 2.6.3 资源权限定义扩展 )userCache提供了两种实现: NullUserCache和EhCacheBasedUserCache, NullUserCache实际上就是不进行任何缓存,EhCacheBasedUserCache是使用Ehcache来实现缓功能。
1 < bean id = " userCacheBackend " class = " org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean " > 2 < property name = " cacheManager " ref = " cacheManager " /> 3 < property name = " cacheName " value = " userCache " /> 4 </ bean > 5 6 < bean id = " userCache " class = " org.acegisecurity.providers.dao.cache.EhCacheBasedUserCache " autowire = " byName " > 7 < property name = " cache " ref = " userCacheBackend " /> 8 </ bean > 9 10 < bean id = " resourceCacheBackend " class = " org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean " > 11 < property name = " cacheManager " ref = " cacheManager " /> 12 < property name = " cacheName " value = " resourceCache " /> 13 </ bean > 14 15 < bean id = " resourceCache " class = " org.springside.modules.security.service.acegi.cache.ResourceCache " autowire = " byName " > 16 < property name = " cache " ref = " resourceCacheBackend " /> 17 </ bean > 6) basicProcessingFilter 用于处理HTTP头的认证信息,如从Spring远程协议(如Hessian和Burlap)或普通的浏览器如IE,Navigator的HTTP头中获取用户信息,将他们转交给通过authenticationManager属性装配的认证管理器。如果认证成功,会将一个Authentication对象放到会话中,否则,如果认证失败,会将控制转交给认证入口点(通过authenticationEntryPoint属性装配) 1 < bean id = " basicProcessingFilter " class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.basicauth.BasicProcessingFilter " > 2 < property name = " authenticationManager " ref = " authenticationManager " /> 3 < property name = " authenticationEntryPoint " ref = " basicProcessingFilterEntryPoint " /> 4 </ bean >7) basicProcessingFilterEntryPoint 通过向浏览器发送一个HTTP401(未授权)消息,提示用户登录。处理基于HTTP的授权过程, 在当验证过程出现异常后的"去向",通常实现转向、在response里加入error信息等功能。
1 < bean id = " basicProcessingFilterEntryPoint " 2 class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.basicauth.BasicProcessingFilterEntryPoint " > 3 < property name = " realmName " value = " SpringSide Realm " /> 4 </ bean >8) authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint 当抛出AccessDeniedException时,将用户重定向到登录界面。属性loginFormUrl配置了一个登录表单的URL,当需要用户登录时,authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint会将用户重定向到该URL
1 < bean id = " authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " 2 class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " > 3 < property name = " loginFormUrl " > 4 < value >/ security / login.jsp </ value > 5 </ property > 6 < property name = " forceHttps " value = " false " /> 7 </ bean >
1) httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter 每次request前 HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter从Session中获取Authentication对象,在request完后, 又把Authentication对象保存到Session中供下次request使用,此filter必须其他Acegi filter前使用,使之能跨越多个请求。
1 < bean id = " httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter " 2 class = " org.acegisecurity.context.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter " />2) httpRequestAccessDecisionManager 经过投票机制来决定是否可以访问某一资源(URL或方法)。allowIfAllAbstainDecisions为false时如果有一个或以上的decisionVoters投票通过,则授权通过。可选的决策机制有ConsensusBased和UnanimousBased
1 < bean id = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " class = " org.acegisecurity.vote.AffirmativeBased " > 2 < property name = " allowIfAllAbstainDecisions " value = " false " /> 3 < property name = " decisionVoters " > 4 < list > 5 < ref bean = " roleVoter " /> 6 </ list > 7 </ property > 8 </ bean >3) roleVoter 必须是以rolePrefix设定的value开头的权限才能进行投票,如AUTH_ , ROLE_
1 < bean id = " roleVoter " class = " org.acegisecurity.vote.RoleVoter " > 2 < property name = " rolePrefix " value = " AUTH_ " /> 3 </ bean >4)exceptionTranslationFilter 异常转换过滤器,主要是处理AccessDeniedException和AuthenticationException,将给每个异常找到合适的"去向"
1 < bean id = " exceptionTranslationFilter " class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.ExceptionTranslationFilter " > 2 < property name = " authenticationEntryPoint " ref = " authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint " /> 3 </ bean >5) authenticationProcessingFilter 和servlet spec差不多,处理登陆请求.当身份验证成功时,AuthenticationProcessingFilter会在会话中放置一个Authentication对象,并且重定向到登录成功页面 authenticationFailureUrl定义登陆失败时转向的页面 defaultTargetUrl定义登陆成功时转向的页面 filterProcessesUrl定义登陆请求的页面 rememberMeServices用于在验证成功后添加cookie信息
1 < bean id = " authenticationProcessingFilter " class = " org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilter " > 2 < property name = " authenticationManager " ref = " authenticationManager " /> 3 < property name = " authenticationFailureUrl " > 4 < value >/ security / login.jsp ? login_error = 1 </ value > 5 </ property > 6 < property name = " defaultTargetUrl " > 7 < value >/ admin / index.jsp </ value > 8 </ property > 9 < property name = " filterProcessesUrl " > 10 < value >/ j_acegi_security_check </ value > 11 </ property > 12 < property name = " rememberMeServices " ref = " rememberMeServices " /> 13 </ bean >6) filterInvocationInterceptor 在执行转向url前检查objectDefinitionSource中设定的用户权限信息。首先,objectDefinitionSource中定义了访问URL需要的属性信息(这里的属性信息仅仅是标志,告诉accessDecisionManager要用哪些voter来投票)。然后,authenticationManager掉用自己的provider来对用户的认证信息进行校验。最后,有投票者根据用户持有认证和访问url需要的属性,调用自己的voter来投票,决定是否允许访问。
1 < bean id = " filterInvocationInterceptor " class = " org.acegisecurity.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor " > 2 < property name = " authenticationManager " ref = " authenticationManager " /> 3 < property name = " accessDecisionManager " ref = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " /> 4 < property name = " objectDefinitionSource " ref = " filterDefinitionSource " /> 5 </ bean >7)filterDefinitionSource(详见 2.6.3 资源权限定义扩展) 自定义DBFilterInvocationDefinitionSource从数据库和cache中读取保护资源及其需要的访问权限信息
1 < bean id = " filterDefinitionSource " 2 class = " org.springside.modules.security.service.acegi.DBFilterInvocationDefinitionSource " > 3 < property name = " convertUrlToLowercaseBeforeComparison " value = " true " /> 4 < property name = " useAntPath " value = " true " /> 5 < property name = " acegiCacheManager " ref = " acegiCacheManager " /> 6 </ bean >
(详见 2.6.3 资源权限定义扩展)
1) methodSecurityInterceptor 在执行方法前进行拦截,检查用户权限信息
1 < bean id = " methodSecurityInterceptor " 2 class = " org.acegisecurity.intercept.method.aopalliance.MethodSecurityInterceptor " > 3 < property name = " authenticationManager " ref = " authenticationManager " /> 4 < property name = " accessDecisionManager " ref = " httpRequestAccessDecisionManager " /> 5 < property name = " objectDefinitionSource " ref = " methodDefinitionSource " /> 6 </ bean >2) methodDefinitionSource 自定义MethodDefinitionSource从cache中读取权限
1 < bean id = " methodDefinitionSource " 2 class = " org.springside.modules.security.service.acegi.DBMethodDefinitionSource " > 3 < property name = " acegiCacheManager " ref = " acegiCacheManager " /> 4 </ bean >