Certification Objective 1.02: Linux Filesystem Hierarchy and Structure

    技术2022-05-11  73

    原文来自:RHCE Red Hat Certified Engineer Linux Study Guide Exam RH302 4th ED 2004.chm

    认证目标1.02:Linux文件系统层次结构

    在Linux下,一切都被看作是文件。磁盘分区与文件系统设备节点关联,比如/dev/hda1;硬件设备则与节点文件,如/dev/modem相关联;而检测到的设备被映射为文件存放在/proc目录下。Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)文件系统层次标准是用来组织Linux/Unix目录下文件的官方方式。如同其他节一样,本文介绍的只是FHS最基础的东西。你可以到FHS的官方主页www.pathname.com/fhs上获取更多信息。

    Linux Filesystems and Directories

    大多数主要的目录都与现代Unix/Linux系统相关联,这些目录管理了用户文件,驱动,内核,日志,程序,工具以及其他的类别。FHS的标准化使得Unix系统用户理解Linux更加容易。

    所有的FHS都由根目录开始,即是广为人知的符号/。所有其他的目录在下表中都被列出,它们都是/的子目录,而且除非它们被分离加载,你总是可以在相同分区下的根目录下找到它们。

    Table 1-1: Basic Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Directories

    /

    The root directory, the top-level directory in the FHS. All other directories are subdirectories of root, which is always mounted on some partition.

    根目录,FHS的顶层目录。所有其他目录都是它的子目录,并且总是挂载在某个分区里。

    /bin

    Essential command line utilities. Should not be mounted separately; otherwise, it could be difficult to get to these utilities when using a rescue disk.

    通用命令行工具。不能被挂载在其他分区,否则,若用修复磁盘时将很难访问到这些工具。

    /boot

    Includes Linux startup files, including the Linux kernel. The default, 100MB, is usually sufficient for a typical modular kernel and additional kernels that you might install during the RHCE or RHCT exams.

    包含了Linux的启动文件、内核。默认大小100MB,在你进行RHCE或RHCT考试时,这大小通常足够存放一份典型的模块内核和附加内核。

    /dev

    Hardware and software device drivers for everything from floppy drives to terminals. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.

    所有硬件软件设备驱动程序都在此,不要将此目录挂载与不同的分区。

    /etc

    Most basic configuration files.

    大多数基本配置文件存放于此。

    /home

    Home directories for almost every user.

    几乎每个用户都有Home目录。

    /lib

    Program libraries for the kernel and various command line utilities. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.

    内核程序库及大量的命令行工具,不要将此目录挂载与不同的分区。

    /mnt

    The mount point for removable media, including floppy drives, CD-ROMs, and Zip disks.

    该目录用于挂载可移动存储设备,包括软驱,CDROM,ZIP驱动器等等。

    /opt

    Applications such as the WordPerfect or OpenOffice.org Office suites.

    存放应用程序。

    /proc

    Currently running kernel-related processes, including device assignments such as IRQ ports, I/O addresses, and DMA channels.

    当前运行的内核相关进程,包括诸如IRQ端口、I/O地址、DMA通道之类的设备分配。

    /root

    The home directory of the root user.

    root用户的Home目录。

    /sbin

    System administration commands. Don't mount this directory separately.

    系统管理命令存放处。

    /tmp

    Temporary files. By default, Red Hat Enterprise Linux deletes all files in this directory periodically.

    临时文件。默认情况下,Red Hat Enterprise Linux 定期删除该目录下文件。

    /usr

    Small programs accessible to all users. Includes many system administration commands and utilities.

    所有用户都可以访问的小程序。包括了许多系统管理命令及工具。

    /var

    Variable data, including log files and printer spools.

    可变数据,包括日志文件及打印池。

     

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