八皇后问题的C++实现

    技术2022-05-19  21

     //八皇后问题的实现#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;//QueenChess类声明class QueenChess{      public:             QueenChess();         //构造函数             void Solve();         //求解八皇后问题,并给出放置成功的棋盘总个数       private:              string chessState[8];         //用于存放棋盘状态              int solves;                   //八个皇后放置成功的棋盘解的总个数              bool SafeJudge(int row,int col) const;    //判断位置(row,col)是否安全              void PlaceQueen(int row);                 //在第row行放置一个皇后              void DrawChess() const;                   //打印八个皇后放置成功的棋盘 };

    //构造函数,将棋盘初始化QueenChess::QueenChess(){      solves=0;      int i=0,j=0;      for(;i<8;++i)      chessState[i]="--------";}

    //求解八皇后问题,并给出放置成功的棋盘总个数void QueenChess::Solve(){     //从第0行开始放置皇后     PlaceQueen(0);     cout<<"/n八皇后问题总共的解的个数是:"<<solves<<endl; }

    //在第row行的各列放置皇后void QueenChess::PlaceQueen(int row){     //穷尽第row行的所有列     for(int col=0;col<8;col++)     {             if(SafeJudge(row,col))             {                     //位置(row,col)安全,则放一皇后                      chessState[row][col]='Q';                     //若还没有放到第八行,则尝试下一行                     if(row<7)                        PlaceQueen(row+1);                     //已经放置了八个皇后,打印出成功的棋盘,并将解数加1                     else                     {                         solves++;                         DrawChess();                     }              }//end if             //不安全,将该处的皇后拿走,尝试下一列位置             chessState[row]="--------";      } }

    //判断是否(row,col)是安全位置bool QueenChess::SafeJudge(int row,int col) const{     int qRow,qCol;     //检查前面各行,看与前面的皇后是否发生攻击     for(qRow=0;qRow<row;qRow++)     {           string rowState=chessState[qRow];           //寻找第qRow行放置皇后的列数           qCol=rowState.find("Q");           //如果两个皇后在同一行、同一列或两条对角线上,则说明该位置不安全           if(qRow==row||qCol==col||(qCol-qRow)==(col-row)||(qCol+qRow)==(col+row))                  return false;      } //end if     return true;}

    //打印成功的棋盘void QueenChess::DrawChess() const{     int i,j;     cout<<"/n八皇后问题的第"<<solves<<" 个解为:"<<endl;     cout<<"  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7"<<endl;     for(i=0;i<8;++i)     {           cout<<i<<" ";           for(j=0;j<8;++j)              cout<<chessState[i][j]<<" ";           cout<<endl;     } //end for     //每打印一个成功的八皇后棋盘,暂停一下     //system("pause"); }

    //main函数进行测试 int main(){   QueenChess  chess;   chess.Solve();   system("pause");   return 0;     }


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