句子成分
主语谓语宾语定语：用来修饰主语或宾语的句子成分。Beautiful girl love handsome boy.状语：用来修饰谓语的句子成分。I walk fast.补语：补充说明宾语的一些重要信息资料的句子成分。She painted the walls green.系语和表语：系语只有一个意思，即“是”；表语就是系语所表达的性质；系语和表语一道构成谓语。Tom is handsome.
情态动词（Modal Verb）
情态动词定义：verb that is used with another verb(not a modal) to express possibility,permission,obligation,etc.
shallshouldwillcancouldmaymightmustought tohave toneeddare 情态动词的使用方法：主语+情态动词+谓语（动词原形）+（宾语）
动名词
动名词定义：动词的-ing形式在起名词作用使，称为动名词。
动名词可以充当的句子充分
充当主语：Walking is a good exercise
充当表语：My job is teaching and learning.
充当宾语：I like killing.
动名词和非谓语动词的区分方法：不接宾语的即为动名词；反之，后接宾语的一定使非谓语动词
时态：
一般现在时态表达3个意思：表示一种状态；表示频繁发生的；表示有客观规律的事物
一般过去时态表达过去发生的对现在没有影响
现在完成时态可以这么认为是：一般现在时+一般过去时
例子：
现在进行时：I am loving her. 我正在爱她。过去进行时：I was loved her at that moment. 我在那一刻正爱她。一般现在时：I love her. 我爱她。一般过去时：I loved her. 我爱过她。现在完成时：I has loved her. 我已经爱她了。（从过去到现在都在爱）过去完成时：I had loved her until 1998. 我已经爱她了直到1998年。一般将来时：I will love her. 我将爱她。
被动语态
被动语态的构成：
主动语态：主语+及物动词（各种时态）+宾语
被动语态：宾语+be（各种时态）+及物动词（过去分词）+[by+主语]
被动语态的七种时态：
现在进行时：Mary is being beaten by Tom.Chickens are being killed by people.过去进行时：Mary was being beaten by Tom.Chickens were being killed by people.一般现在时：Water is drunk by people.Pigs are killed by people.一般过去时：Mary was killed by people.People were made by the God.现在完成时：Mary has been killed by tom.Some buildings have been made.过去完成时：She had been protected until 2008.These books had been kept untill 1998.一般将来时：The world will be controled by human.Laws will be used by us.
补语
名词和形容词可以做补语，补语是对宾语的补充说明
补语和直接宾语的区分：是否和宾语构成一个合理的语句
补语和定语的区分：放在宾语前面的形容词是定语，放在宾语后面的形容词使补语。定语是限定宾语的状态，补语是说明宾语的结果。
谓语
简单谓语：不及物动词做谓语（The UFO appeared）；及物动词做谓语（Tony has killed Mary）复合谓语：情态动词 + 动词原形（I can speak english）；系动词 + 表语（Ann seems happy）
非谓语动词
不做谓语的动词即为非谓语动词。不做谓语做什么呢？它可以做除谓语外的任何句子成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语）。
非谓语动词的种类：
不定式：To seeing is to believe（To seeing -> 动词不定式 做 主语）（to believe -> 动词不定式 做 表语）现在分词：Seeing is believing（Seeing -> 动词现在分词 做 主语）（believing -> 动词现在分词 做 表语）过去分词：He has a son named Tom（named -> 动词过去分词 做 定语）
非谓语动词之——现在分词(主动状态)
主语：Playing basketball is a good habit宾语：Tom likes playing basketball定语：He bought a shirt costing $2状语：He stand there doing nothing补语：I smelt something burning
非谓语动词之——过去分词（被动状态）
主语：Praised by other people is good宾语：He likes praised by other people定语：Tom has a cat given by Mary状语：Given $100,he felt great补语：Helen got her blood tested
非谓语动词之——不定式（目的性）
主语：To be or not to be is a question.宾语：He likes to go shopping.（He likes going shopping）.不定式表示的使目的，而现在分词则表示一种状态（兴趣），用现在分词表示he去shopping是一种兴趣定语：Soldier is a man to obey orders.状语：To earn more money,he works hard.补语：He told me to run away.
宾语从句
that疑问词：where——how——why——what——which——who连词：whether——if
She saw that he was sleeping.
She said that she didn't want to know.
I think that Tom lost his job.
主句是过去式则从句必须也是过去式，反之主句如果是一般现在时，则不限制从句的时态。
She asked me where I was going. 注意从句中where后面跟着 I 而不是通常的was 这是从句的一个特点，疑问句不用将系动词提前
She mentioned how we felt.
He want to know why we are so late.
I wonder what it is.
Only you can decide which on suits you best.
I don't know who the man is.
I don't konw whether they liked the place.
I asked her whether she agreed.
I wonder if it's large enough.
She didn't say if he was still alive.
It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.
状语从句
时间状语从句
when;after;while;befeor;as;as soon as;since;whenever;as long as;once 地点状语从句
where;wherver;anywhere 方式状语从句
as正如;as if(thouth)仿佛;much as就好像 原因状语从句
because;as因为;since因为;in case;just in case以防，如果 条件状语从句让步状语从句定语从句
定语从句
定语从句是较为复杂的一种，为何复杂？因为其在句中的出现位置与汉语的语序有较大差距。 通常来讲如果碰到定语从句，则应该跳过它，先清除主句的意思，在看其所修饰的意思 定语通常修饰主语和宾语 限制性——定语从句：The man who loves you is sitting on the seashore. 非限制性——定语从句：He died in that accident , which seems a storm for her. 限制性定语从句 与 非限制性定语从句的区别：非限制性定语从句前有个逗号！ 定语从句的连接词
连接代词：
which who whom that连接副词：
where when whose
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