softirq原理以及源码分析

    技术2022-05-19  20

      Linux 的softirq机制是与SMP紧密不可分的。为此,整个softirq机制的设计与实现中自始自终都贯彻了一个思想:“谁触发,谁执行”(Who marks,Who runs),也即触发软中断的那个CPU负责执行它所触发的软中断,而且每个CPU都由它自己的软中断触发与控制机制。这个设计思想也使得softirq 机制充分利用了SMP系统的性能和特点。 多个softirq可以并行执行,甚至同一个softirq可以在多个processor上同时执行。

      一、softirq的实现      每个softirq在内核中通过struct softirq_action来表示,另外,通过全局属组softirq_vec标识当前内核支持的所有的softirq。 /* softirq mask and active fields moved to irq_cpustat_t in  * asm/hardirq.h to get better cache usage. KAO  */ struct softirq_action {     void    (*action)(struct softirq_action *); };static struct softirq_action softirq_vec[NR_SOFTIRQS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp; Linux内核最多可以支持32个softirq( 思考:为什么是32个?),但当前只实现了10个,如下: enum {     HI_SOFTIRQ=0,     TIMER_SOFTIRQ,     NET_TX_SOFTIRQ,     NET_RX_SOFTIRQ,     BLOCK_SOFTIRQ,     BLOCK_IOPOLL_SOFTIRQ,     TASKLET_SOFTIRQ,     SCHED_SOFTIRQ,     HRTIMER_SOFTIRQ,     RCU_SOFTIRQ,    /* Preferable RCU should always be the last softirq */     NR_SOFTIRQS }; 二、softirq处理函数       struct softirq_action结构体中,只有一个函数指针成员action,即指向用户定义的softirq处理函数。当执行时,可以通过如下代码:                      softirq_vec[i]->action(i);     一个注册的softirq在执行之前必须被激活,术语称为"raise the softirq"。被激活的softirq通常并不会立即执行,一般会在之后的某个时刻检查当前系统中是否有被pending的softirq,如果有就去执行,Linux内核中检查是否有softirq挂起的检查点主要有以下三类: (1)硬件中断代码返回的时候 /*  * Exit an interrupt context. Process softirqs if needed and possible:  */ void irq_exit(void) {     account_system_vtime(current);     trace_hardirq_exit();     sub_preempt_count(IRQ_EXIT_OFFSET);    if (!in_interrupt() && local_softirq_pending())         invoke_softirq();     rcu_irq_exit(); #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ     /* Make sure that timer wheel updates are propagated */     if (idle_cpu(smp_processor_id()) && !in_interrupt() && !need_resched())         tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick(0); #endif     preempt_enable_no_resched(); } (2)ksoftirqd内核服务线程运行的时候 static int run_ksoftirqd(void * __bind_cpu) {     ... ...         while (local_softirq_pending()) {             /* Preempt disable stops cpu going offline.              If already offline, we'll be on wrong CPU:              don't process */             if (cpu_is_offline((long)__bind_cpu))                 goto wait_to_die;             do_softirq();             preempt_enable_no_resched();             cond_resched();             preempt_disable();             rcu_note_context_switch((long)__bind_cpu);         }         preempt_enable();         set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);     }     __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);     return 0; ... ...} (3)在一些内核子系统中显示的去检查挂起的softirq int netif_rx_ni(struct sk_buff *skb) {     int err;     preempt_disable();     err = netif_rx(skb);     if (local_softirq_pending())         do_softirq();     preemptenable();     return err; } 下面重点分析以下do_softirq(),了解Linux内核到底是怎么来处理softirq的。 asmlinkage void do_softirq(void) {     unsigned long flags;     struct thread_info *curctx;     union irq_ctx *irqctx;     u32 *isp;     if (in_interrupt()) /*首先判断是否在中断上下文中*/         return;    local_irq_save(flags);      if (local_softirq_pending ( ) ) {         curctx = current_thread_info();         irqctx = __get_cpu_var(softirq_ctx);         irqctx->tinfo.task = curctx->task;         irqctx->tinfo.previous_esp = current_stack_pointer;         /* build the stack frame on the softirq stack */         isp = (u32 *) ((char *)irqctx + sizeof(*irqctx));         call_on_stack(__do_softirq, isp);         /*          * Shouldnt happen, we returned above if in_interrupt():          */         WARN_ON_ONCE(softirq_count());     }     local_irq_restore (flags ) ; } 实际的处理函数为__do_softirq: asmlinkage void __do_softirq(void) {     struct softirq_action *h;     __u32 pending;     int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART; /*不启动ksoftirqd之前,最大的处理softirq的次数,经验值*/     int cpu;     /*取得当前被挂起的softirq,同时这里也解释了为什么Linux内核最多支持32个softirq,因为pending只有32bit*/     pending = local_softirq_pending()     account_system_vtime(current);     __local_bh_disable((unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0));     lockdep_softirq_enter();     cpu = smp_processor_id();restart:    /* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs */     set_softirq_pending(0);/*获取了pending的softirq之后,清空所有pending的softirq的标志*/

        local_irq_enable();

        h = softirq_vec;

        do {

            if (pending & 1) { /*从最低位开始,循环右移逐位处理pending的softirq*/            int prev_count = preempt_count();            kstat_incr_softirqs_this_cpu(h - softirq_vec);

                trace_softirq_entry(h, softirq_vec);

                h->action(h); /*执行softirq的处理函数*/            trace_softirq_exit(h, softirq_vec);            if (unlikely(prev_count != preempt_count())) {                printk(KERN_ERR "huh, entered softirq %td %s %p"                 "with preempt_count x,"                 " exited with x?/n", h - softirq_vec,                 softirq_to_name[h - softirq_vec],                 h->action, prev_count, preempt_count());                preempt_count() = prev_count;            }

                rcu_bh_qs(cpu);

            }        h++;        pending >>= 1;  /*循环右移*/    } while (pending);

        local_irq_disable();

        pending = local_softirq_pending();    if (pending && --max_restart)  /*启动ksoftirqd的阈值*/        goto restart;    if (pending)  /*启动ksoftirqd去处理softirq,此时说明pending的softirq比较多,比较频繁,上面的处理过程中,又不断有softirq被pending*/        wakeup_softirqd();

        lockdep_softirq_exit();

     

        account_system_vtime(current);    _local_bh_enable();} 三、使用softirq      softirq一般用在对实时性要求比较强的地方,当前的Linux内核中,只有两个子系统直接使用了softirq:网络子系统和块设备子系统。另外,增加新的softirq需要重新编译内核,因此,除非必须需要,最好考虑tasklet和kernel timer是否适合当前需要。      如果必须需要使用softirq,那么需要考虑的一个重要的问题就是新增加的softirq的优先级,默认情况下,softirq的数值越小优先级越高,根据实际经验,新增加的softirq最好在BLOCK_SOFTIRQ和TASKLET_SOFTIRQ之间。      softirq的处理函数通过open_softirq进行注册,此函数接收两个参数,一个是softirq的整数索引,另一个是该softirq对应的处理函数。例如在网络子系统中,注册了如下两个softirq及其处理函数: open_softirq(NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, net_tx_action); open_softirq(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, net_rx_action);     前面提到,软中断处理函数注册后,还需要将该软中断激活,此软中断才能被执行,激活操作是通过raise_softirq函数来实现,在网络子系统中激活代码如下: /* Called with irq disabled */static inline void ____napi_schedule(struct softnet_data *sd,                 struct napi_struct *napi){    list_add_tail(&napi->poll_list, &sd->poll_list);    __raise_softirq_irqoff(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ);} 这里的__raise_softirq_irqoff和raise_softirq的区别是,前者在事先已经关中断的情况下可以被使用,后者自己完成中断的关闭和恢复。

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