第五课:android数据相关---ContentProvider

    技术2022-05-19  20

    一、ContentProvider简介

           当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。

     

    二、Uri类简介

           Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1.需要操作的ContentProvider2.ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:

           1.schemeContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定为:content://

           2.主机名(或Authority):用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。

           3.路径(path):可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下:

    ·         要操作contact表中id10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/10

    ·         要操作contact表中id10的记录的name字段, contact/10/name

    ·         要操作contact表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact

     

           要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件等他存储方式,如下:

    要操作xml文件中contact节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/name

    如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下:

    Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact")

     

    三、UriMatcherContentUristContentResolver简介

           因为Uri代表了要操作的数据,所以我们很经常需要解析Uri,并从Uri中获取数据。Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类,分别为UriMatcherContentUris 。掌握它们的使用,会便于我们的开发工作。

     

           UriMatcher用于匹配Uri,它的用法如下:

           1.首先把你需要匹配Uri路径全部给注册上,如下:

           //常量UriMatcher.NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码(-1)

           UriMatcher  uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

           //如果match()方法匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径,返回匹配码为1

           uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact”, 1);//添加需要匹配uri,如果匹配就会返回匹配码

           //如果match()方法匹配   content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact/230路径,返回匹配码为2

           uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact/#”, 2);//#号为通配符

          

           2.注册完需要匹配的Uri后,就可以使用uriMatcher.match(uri)方法对输入的Uri进行匹配,如果匹配就返回匹配码,匹配码是调用addURI()方法传入的第三个参数,假设匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径,返回的匹配码为1

     

           ContentUris用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分,它有两个比较实用的方法:

    ·         withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分

    ·         parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分

     

           ContentResolver当外部应用需要对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作时,可以使用ContentResolver 类来完成,要获取ContentResolver 对象,可以使用Activity提供的getContentResolver()方法。 ContentResolver使用insertdeleteupdatequery方法,来操作数据。

     

    四、ContentProvider示例程序

           我们为昨天的SQLite示例程序添加一个ContentProvider,供其他应用来访问我们的数据。

     

           1.SQLite示例程序添加ContentProvider

    package com.changcheng.sqlite.provider;

     

    import com.changcheng.sqlite.MyOpenHelper;

    import android.content.ContentProvider;

    import android.content.ContentUris;

    import android.content.ContentValues;

    import android.content.UriMatcher;

    import android.database.Cursor;

    import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

    import android.net.Uri;

     

    public class ContactContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

     

             // 通过UriMatcher匹配外部请求

             private static UriMatcher uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

             // 通过openHelper进行数据库读写

             private MyOpenHelper openHelper;

             // 匹配状态常量

             private static final int CONTACT_LIST = 1;

             private static final int CONTACT = 2;

             // 表名

             private static final String tableName = "contacts";

             // 添加Uri

             static {

                       uriMatcher.addURI("com.changcheng.sqlite.provider", "contact",

                                         CONTACT_LIST);

                       uriMatcher.addURI("com.changcheng.sqlite.provider", "contact/#",

                                         CONTACT);

             }

     

             @Override

             public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {

                       SQLiteDatabase db = this.openHelper.getWritableDatabase();

                      int result;

                       switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                       case CONTACT_LIST:

                                result = db.delete(tableName, selection, selectionArgs);

                                break;

                       case CONTACT:

                                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);

                                String where = "_id=" + id;

                                if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection)) {

                                         where = where + " and " + selection;

                                }

                                result = db.delete(tableName, where, selectionArgs);

                                break;

                       default:

                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uri IllegalArgument:" + uri);

                       }

                       return result;

             }

     

             @Override

             public String getType(Uri uri) {

                       switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                       case CONTACT_LIST:// 集合类型必须在前面加上vnd.android.cursor.dir/

                                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/contactlist";

                       case CONTACT:// 非集合类型必须在前面加上vnd.android.cursor.item/

                                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/contact";

                       default:

                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uri IllegalArgument:" + uri);

                       }

             }

     

             @Override

             public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {

                       SQLiteDatabase db = this.openHelper.getWritableDatabase();

                       long id;

                       switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                       case CONTACT_LIST:

                                // 因为后台需要生成SQL语句,当valuesnull时,必须提第二个参数。生成的SQL语句才不会出错!

                                id = db.insert(tableName, "_id", values);

                                return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);

                       case CONTACT:

                                id = db.insert(tableName, "_id", values);

                                String uriPath = uri.toString();

                                String path = uriPath.substring(0, uriPath.lastIndexOf("/")) + id;

                                return Uri.parse(path);

                       default:

                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uri IllegalArgument:" + uri);

                       }

             }

     

             @Override

             public boolean onCreate() {

                       this.openHelper = new MyOpenHelper(this.getContext());

                       return true;

             }

     

             @Override

             public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,

                                String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {

                       SQLiteDatabase db = this.openHelper.getWritableDatabase();

                       switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                       case CONTACT_LIST:

                                return db.query(tableName, projection, selection, selectionArgs,

                                                   null, null, sortOrder);

                       case CONTACT:

                                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);

                                String where = "_id=" + id;

                                if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection)) {

                                         where = where + " and " + selection;

                                }

                                return db.query(tableName, projection, where, selectionArgs, null,

                                                   null, sortOrder);

                       default:

                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uri IllegalArgument:" + uri);

                       }

             }

     

             @Override

             public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,

                                String[] selectionArgs) {

                       SQLiteDatabase db = this.openHelper.getWritableDatabase();

                       int result;

                       switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                       case CONTACT_LIST:

                                result = db.update(selection, values, selection, selectionArgs);

                                break;

                       case CONTACT:

                                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);

                                String where = "_id=" + id;

                                if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection)) {

                                         where = where + " and " + selection;

                                }

                                result = db.update(tableName, values, where, selectionArgs);

                                break;

                       default:

                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Uri IllegalArgument:" + uri);

                       }

                       return result;

             }

     

    }

     

     

           2.添加ContentProvider配置

    <provider android:name=".provider.ContactContentProvider" android:authorities="com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider"/>

     

           3.测试SQLite示例程序的ContentProvider

           ContentProvider即然是提供给其他应用访问本应用数据的,所以我们需要另创建一个Android应用,来测试SQLite示例程序的ContentProvider。我在此只列出query的测试方法testQuery

    public void testQuery() throws Throwable {

             ContentResolver contentResolver = this.getContext()

                                .getContentResolver();

             Uri uri = Uri

                                .parse("content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider/contact");

             Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, new String[] { "_id",

                                "name", "phone" }, null, null, "_id desc");

             while (cursor.moveToNext()) {

                       Log.i(TAG, "_id=" + cursor.getInt(0) + ",name="

                                         + cursor.getString(1) + ",phone=" + cursor.getString(2));

             }

    }


    最新回复(0)