spring 注解学习一:构建简单web应用

    技术2022-05-19  21

    我们将用到如下jar包:

    引用 aopalliance-1.0.jar commons-logging-1.1.1.jar log4j-1.2.15.jar spring-beans-2.5.6.jar spring-context-2.5.6.jar spring-context-support-2.5.6.jar spring-core-2.5.6.jar spring-tx-2.5.6.jar spring-web-2.5.6.jar spring-webmvc-2.5.6.jar

    先看web.xml

    Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <web-app      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"      xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"      id="WebApp_ID"      version="2.5">      <display-name>spring</display-name>      <!-- 应用路径 -->      <context-param>          <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>          <param-value>spring.webapp.root</param-value>      </context-param>      <!-- Log4J 配置  -->      <context-param>          <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>          <param-value>classpath:log4j.xml</param-value>      </context-param>      <context-param>          <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>          <param-value>60000</param-value>      </context-param>      <!--Spring上下文 配置  -->      <context-param>          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>          <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>      </context-param>      <!-- 字符集 过滤器  -->      <filter>          <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>          <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>          <init-param>              <param-name>encoding</param-name>              <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>          </init-param>          <init-param>              <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>              <param-value>true</param-value>          </init-param>      </filter>      <filter-mapping>          <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>          <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>      </filter-mapping>      <!-- Spring 监听器 -->      <listener>          <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>      </listener>      <listener>          <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>      </listener>      <!-- Spring 分发器 -->      <servlet>          <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>          <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>          <init-param>              <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>              <param-value>/WEB-INF/servlet.xml</param-value>          </init-param>      </servlet>      <servlet-mapping>          <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>          <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <welcome-file-list>          <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>          <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>          <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>          <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>          <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>          <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>      </welcome-file-list>  </web-app>   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>spring</display-name> <!-- 应用路径 --> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>spring.webapp.root</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Log4J 配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.xml</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param> <!--Spring上下文 配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 字符集 过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Spring 监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Spring 分发器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>

    有不少人问我,这段代码是什么:

    Xml代码 <!-- 应用路径 -->  <context-param>      <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>      <param-value>spring.webapp.root</param-value>  </context-param>   <!-- 应用路径 --> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>spring.webapp.root</param-value> </context-param>

    这是当前应用的路径变量,也就是说你可以在其他代码中使用${spring.webapp.root}指代当前应用路径。我经常用它来设置log的输出目录。 为什么要设置参数log4jConfigLocation?

    Xml代码 <!-- Log4J 配置  -->      <context-param>          <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>          <param-value>classpath:log4j.xml</param-value>      </context-param>      <context-param>          <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>          <param-value>60000</param-value>      </context-param>   <!-- Log4J 配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.xml</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param>

    这是一种基本配置,spring中很多代码使用了不同的日志接口,既有log4j也有commons-logging,这里只是强制转换为log4j!并且,log4j的配置文件只能放在classpath根路径。同时,需要通过commons-logging配置将日志控制权转交给log4j。同时commons-logging.properties必须放置在classpath根路径。 commons-logging内容:

    Properties代码 org.apache.commons.logging.Log=org.apache.commons.logging.impl.Log4JLogger   org.apache.commons.logging.Log=org.apache.commons.logging.impl.Log4JLogger

    最后,记得配置log4j的监听器:

    Xml代码 <listener>      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>  </listener>   <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener>

    接下来,我们需要配置两套配置文件,applicationContext.xml和servlet.xml。 applicationContext.xml用于对应用层面做整体控制。按照分层思想,统领service层和dao层。servlet.xml则单纯控制controller层。

    Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans      xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">      <import          resource="service.xml" />      <import          resource="dao.xml" />  </beans>   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <import resource="service.xml" /> <import resource="dao.xml" /> </beans>

    applicationContext.xml什么都不干,它只管涉及到整体需要的配置,并且集中管理。 这里引入了两个配置文件service.xml和dao.xml分别用于业务、数据处理。 service.xml

    Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans      xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">      <context:component-scan          base-package="org.zlex.spring.service" />  </beans>   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="org.zlex.spring.service" /> </beans>

    注意,这里通过<context:component-scan />标签指定了业务层的基础包路径——“org.zlex.spring.service”。也就是说,业务层相关实现均在这一层。这是有必要的分层之一。 dao.xml

    Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans      xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">      <context:component-scan          base-package="org.zlex.spring.dao" />  </beans>   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="org.zlex.spring.dao" /> </beans>

    dao层如法炮制,包路径是"org.zlex.spring.dao"。从这个角度看,注解还是很方便的! 最后,我们看看servlet.xml

    Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans      xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">      <context:component-scan          base-package="org.zlex.spring.controller" />      <bean          id="urlMapping"          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />      <bean          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />  </beans>   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="org.zlex.spring.controller" /> <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> </beans>

    包路径配置就不细说了,都是一个概念。最重要的时候后面两个配置,这将使得注解生效! “org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping”是默认实现,可以不写,Spring容器默认会默认使用该类。 “org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter”直接关系到多动作控制器配置是否可用! 简单看一下代码结构,如图: Account类是来存储账户信息,属于域对象,极为简单,代码如下所示: Account.java

    Java代码 /**   * 2010-1-23   */  package org.zlex.spring.domain;     import java.io.Serializable;     /**   *    * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>   * @version 1.0   * @since 1.0   */  public class Account implements Serializable {         /**       *        */      private static final long serialVersionUID = -533698031946372178L;         private String username;       private String password;         /**       * @param username       * @param password       */      public Account(String username, String password) {           this.username = username;           this.password = password;       }         /**       * @return the username       */      public String getUsername() {           return username;       }         /**       * @param username the username to set       */      public void setUsername(String username) {           this.username = username;       }         /**       * @return the password       */      public String getPassword() {           return password;       }         /**       * @param password the password to set       */      public void setPassword(String password) {           this.password = password;       }                 }   /** * 2010-1-23 */ package org.zlex.spring.domain; import java.io.Serializable; /** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */ public class Account implements Serializable { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -533698031946372178L; private String username; private String password; /** * @param username * @param password */ public Account(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } /** * @return the username */ public String getUsername() { return username; } /** * @param username the username to set */ public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } /** * @return the password */ public String getPassword() { return password; } /** * @param password the password to set */ public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }

    通常,在构建域对象时,需要考虑该对象可能需要进行网络传输,本地缓存,因此建议实现序列化接口Serializable  我们再来看看控制器,这就稍微复杂了一点代码如下所示: AccountController .java

    Java代码 /**   * 2010-1-23   */  package org.zlex.spring.controller;     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;     import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;   import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestUtils;   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;   import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService;     /**   *    * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>   * @version 1.0   * @since 1.0   */  @Controller  @RequestMapping("/account.do")   public class AccountController {         @Autowired      private AccountService accountService;         @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)       public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)               throws Exception {             String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(                   request, "username");           String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(                   request, "password");           System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));       }   }   /** * 2010-1-23 */ package org.zlex.spring.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService; /** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/account.do") public class AccountController { @Autowired private AccountService accountService; @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter( request, "username"); String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter( request, "password"); System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password)); } }

    分段详述:

    Java代码 @Controller  @RequestMapping("/account.do")   @Controller @RequestMapping("/account.do")

    这两行注解,@Controller是告诉Spring容器,这是一个控制器类,@RequestMapping("/account.do")是来定义该控制器对应的请求路径(/account.do)

    Java代码 @Autowired  private AccountService accountService;   @Autowired private AccountService accountService;

    这是用来自动织入业务层实现AccountService,有了这个注解,我们就可以不用写setAccountService()方法了! 同时,JSR-250标准注解,推荐使用@Resource来代替Spring专有的@Autowired注解。

    引用 Spring 不但支持自己定义的@Autowired注解,还支持几个由JSR-250规范定义的注解,它们分别是@Resource、@PostConstruct以及@PreDestroy。   @Resource的作用相当于@Autowired,只不过@Autowired按byType自动注入,而@Resource默认按 byName自动注入罢了。@Resource有两个属性是比较重要的,分别是name和type,Spring将@Resource注解的name属性解析为bean的名字,而type属性则解析为bean的类型。所以如果使用name属性,则使用byName的自动注入策略,而使用type属性时则使用byType自动注入策略。如果既不指定name也不指定type属性,这时将通过反射机制使用byName自动注入策略。   @Resource装配顺序   1. 如果同时指定了name和type,则从Spring上下文中找到唯一匹配的bean进行装配,找不到则抛出异常   2. 如果指定了name,则从上下文中查找名称(id)匹配的bean进行装配,找不到则抛出异常   3. 如果指定了type,则从上下文中找到类型匹配的唯一bean进行装配,找不到或者找到多个,都会抛出异常   4. 如果既没有指定name,又没有指定type,则自动按照byName方式进行装配(见2);如果没有匹配,则回退为一个原始类型(UserDao)进行匹配,如果匹配则自动装配;   1.6. @PostConstruct(JSR-250) 在方法上加上注解@PostConstruct,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行(注:Bean初始化包括,实例化Bean,并装配Bean的属性(依赖注入))。

    这有点像ORM最终被JPA一统天下的意思! 大家知道就可以了,具体使用何种标准由项目说了算! 最后,来看看核心方法:

    Java代码 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)   public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)           throws Exception {         String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(               request, "username");       String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(               request, "password");       System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));   }   @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter( request, "username"); String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter( request, "password"); System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password)); }

    注解@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)指定了访问方法类型。 注意,如果没有用这个注解标识方法,Spring容器将不知道那个方法可以用于处理get请求! 对于方法名,我们可以随意定!方法中的参数,类似于“HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response”,只要你需要方法可以是有参也可以是无参! 解析来看Service层,分为接口和实现: AccountService.java

    Java代码 /**   * 2010-1-23   */  package org.zlex.spring.service;     /**   *    * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>   * @version 1.0   * @since 1.0   */  public interface AccountService {         /**       * 验证用户身份       *        * @param username       * @param password       * @return       */      boolean verify(String username, String password);     }   /** * 2010-1-23 */ package org.zlex.spring.service; /** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */ public interface AccountService { /** * 验证用户身份 * * @param username * @param password * @return */ boolean verify(String username, String password); }

    接口不需要任何Spring注解相关的东西,它就是一个简单的接口! 重要的部分在于实现层,如下所示: AccountServiceImpl.java

    Java代码 /**   * 2010-1-23   */  package org.zlex.spring.service.impl;     import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;   import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;   import org.zlex.spring.dao.AccountDao;   import org.zlex.spring.domain.Account;   import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService;     /**   *    * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>   * @version 1.0   * @since 1.0   */  @Service  @Transactional  public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {         @Autowired      private AccountDao accountDao;         /*       * (non-Javadoc)       *        * @see org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService#verify(java.lang.String,       * java.lang.String)       */      @Override      public boolean verify(String username, String password) {             Account account = accountDao.read(username);             if (password.equals(account.getPassword())) {               return true;           } else {               return false;           }       }     }   /** * 2010-1-23 */ package org.zlex.spring.service.impl; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import org.zlex.spring.dao.AccountDao; import org.zlex.spring.domain.Account; import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService; /** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */ @Service @Transactional public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService { @Autowired private AccountDao accountDao; /* * (non-Javadoc) * * @see org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService#verify(java.lang.String, * java.lang.String) */ @Override public boolean verify(String username, String password) { Account account = accountDao.read(username); if (password.equals(account.getPassword())) { return true; } else { return false; } } }

    注意以下内容:

    Java代码 @Service  @Transactional   @Service @Transactional

    注解@Service用于标识这是一个Service层实现,@Transactional用于控制事务,将事务定位在业务层,这是非常务实的做法! 接下来,我们来看持久层:AccountDao和AccountDaoImpl类 AccountDao.java

    Java代码 /**   * 2010-1-23   */  package org.zlex.spring.dao;     import org.zlex.spring.domain.Account;     /**   *    * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>   * @version 1.0   * @since 1.0   */  public interface AccountDao {         /**       * 读取用户信息       *        * @param username       * @return       */      Account read(String username);     }   /** * 2010-1-23 */ package org.zlex.spring.dao; import org.zlex.spring.domain.Account; /** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */ public interface AccountDao { /** * 读取用户信息 * * @param username * @return */ Account read(String username); }

    这个接口就是简单的数据提取,无需任何Spring注解有关的东西! 再看其实现类: AccountDaoImpl.java

    Java代码 /**   * 2010-1-23   */  package org.zlex.spring.dao.impl;     import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;   import org.zlex.spring.dao.AccountDao;   import org.zlex.spring.domain.Account;     /**   *    * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>   * @version 1.0   * @since 1.0   */  @Repository  public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {         /* (non-Javadoc)       * @see org.zlex.spring.dao.AccountDao#read(java.lang.String)       */      @Override      public Account read(String username) {                   return new Account(username,"wolf");       }     }   /** * 2010-1-23 */ package org.zlex.spring.dao.impl; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import org.zlex.spring.dao.AccountDao; import org.zlex.spring.domain.Account; /** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */ @Repository public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao { /* (non-Javadoc) * @see org.zlex.spring.dao.AccountDao#read(java.lang.String) */ @Override public Account read(String username) { return new Account(username,"wolf"); } }

    这里只需要注意注解:

    Java代码 @Repository   @Repository

    意为持久层,Dao实现这层我没有过于细致的介绍通过注解调用ORM或是JDBC来完成实现,这些内容后续细述! 这里我们没有提到注解@Component,共有4种“组件”式注解:

    引用   @Component:可装载组件  @Repository:持久层组件  @Service:服务层组件  @Controller:控制层组件

    这样spring容器就完成了控制层、业务层和持久层的构建。 启动应用,访问http://localhost:8080/spring/account.do?username=snow&password=wolf 观察控制台,如果得到包含“true”的输出,本次构建就成功了! 代码见附件! 顺便说一句:在Spring之前的XML配置中,如果你想在一个类中获得文件可以通过在xml配置这个类的某个属性。在注解的方式(Spring3.0)中,你可以使用@Value来指定这个文件。 例如,我们想要在一个类中获得一个文件,可以这样写:

    Java代码 @Value("/WEB-INF/database.properties")   private File databaseConfig;   @Value("/WEB-INF/database.properties") private File databaseConfig;

    如果这个properties文件已经正常在容器中加载,可以直接这样写:

    Java代码 @Value("${jdbc.url}")    private String url;   @Value("${jdbc.url}") private String url;

    获得这个url参数!  容器中加载这个Properties文件:

    Xml代码 <util:properties id="jdbc" location="/WEB-INF/database.properties"/>   <util:properties id="jdbc" location="/WEB-INF/database.properties"/>

    这样,我们就能通过注解@Value获得/WEB-INF/database.properties这个文件! 如果我们想要获得注入在xml中的某个类,例如dataSource(<bean id ="dataSource">)可以在注解的类中这么写:

    Java代码 @Resource(name = "dataSource")   private BasicDataSource dataSource;   @Resource(name = "dataSource") private BasicDataSource dataSource;

    如果只有这么一个类使用该配置文件:

    Java代码 @ImportResource("/WEB-INF/database.properties")   public class AccountDaoImpl extends AccountDao {  

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