ubuntu 12.04下安装 nginx php mysql -- 安装笔记

ubuntu 12.04 下 nginx php mysql 安装笔记

 

本篇文章参考了 张宴 的《Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]》，在其基础上改造而来，对其表示感谢，因为我个人一直用的是ubuntu

 

注意：此安装，是用来在自己的机器上开发环境用的，所以编译时选项很多都打开了debug选项，要是做为生产环境的话，在编译时请关掉debug选项，并加上优化参数

 

本文是 vincentzhwg 所写，转载请注明作者：vincentzhwg

系统版本：ubuntu desktop 64位 

版本

nginx 1.0.14

php 5.4.0

mysql 5.5.22

 

 

先下载好所有的文件以便安装，这里下载所有的文件到 ~/Documents/LNMP/source 文件夹中

创建文件夹

mkdir -p ~/Documents/LNMP/source

mkdir -p ~/Documents/LNMP/extra

 

下载相应的安装源代码包,需要下载的包有以下几种，我以自己下载时的版本号为例

libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

pcre-8.30.tar.gz

mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz

nginx-1.0.14.tar.gz

php-5.4.0.tar.gz

 

文件下载可以在网上搜索进入其官网后下载，且压缩格式不一定要跟我下载的相同，就是解压的时候根据不同的压缩格式使用不同的命令

文件也可以从我的资源空间上下载，列出空间下载地址列表如下：

http://download.csdn.net/detail/vincent17113/4179857

 

安装基本编译工具

apt-get install build-essential automake autoconf cmake

 

进入到存放这些源代码包的文件夹中

 

 

然后运行以下命令段做安装前的准备

cd ~/Documents/LNMP/source/ tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/libiconv-1.14/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make sudo make install cd ../../source/ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make sudo make install sudo /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make sudo make install cd ../../../source/ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make sudo make install cd ../../source/ sudo /sbin/ldconfig sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config sudo /sbin/ldconfig tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/mcrypt-2.6.8/ ./configure make sudo make install cd ../../source/ tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/pcre-8.30/ ./configure make sudo make install cd ../../source/ sudo /sbin/ldconfig

 

 

 

运行完以上命令，再运行下面的命令安装上缺失的包

sudo apt-get install \ libcurses-ocaml-dev \ libxml2-dev \ libssl-dev \ libbz2-dev \ libcurl4-gnutls-dev \ libjpeg-dev \ libpng12-dev \ libxpm-dev \ libfreetype6-dev \ libxslt1-dev

运行以下命令产生软链接

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXpm.a /usr/lib/libXpm.a sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXpm.so /usr/lib/libXpm.so sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXpm.so.4 /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4 sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXpm.so.4.11.0 /usr/lib/libXpm.so.4.11.0 sudo /sbin/ldconfig  

 

开始安装 mysql

 

创建用户与存放数据库数据的文件夹

sudo groupadd mysql sudo useradd -r mysql -g mysql sudo mkdir -p /home/mysql/3306/data sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql

 解压

cd ~/Documents/LNMP/source tar zxvf mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/mysql-5.5.22/

运行以下命令行编译 mysql,比较长，记得编译时是把下面的多行一起复制到命令窗口编译

cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC=1 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DENABLED_PROFILING=1 \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_LIBWRAP=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DWITH_SSL=yes

编译完后运行下面两个命令安装

make sudo make install sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /home/mysql/3306/my.cnf

编辑 my.cnf 文件以支持 innodb，编辑完内容如下

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables innodb_data_home_dir = /home/mysql/3306/data innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/mysql/3306/data # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size innodb_log_file_size = 5M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout

后期设置命令

cd /usr/local/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql .

 

初始化数据库

sudo /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/home/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/3306/data

 

启动数据库

sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/3306/data &

修改用户名密码,其中的 NEW_PASSWORD 换成你自己想要设置的密码

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'YOUR PASSWORD' 关闭数据库使用如下命令

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

 

 

 

 

 

安装 PHP

 

建立 www 用户

 

sudo groupadd www sudo useradd -r www -g www

 

 

解压

cd ~/Documents/LNMP/source/ tar zxvf php-5.4.0.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/php-5.4.0/

编译命令，有些长，记得一起复制到终端中

./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \ --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \ --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \ --enable-fpm \ --with-fpm-user=www \ --with-fpm-group=www \ --with-curl \ --with-pear \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-zlib \ --with-xpm-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-mhash \ --with-openssl \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-xsl \ --with-bz2 \ --with-gettext \ --disable-debug \ --enable-exif \ --enable-wddx \ --enable-zip \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-calendar \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-soap \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-dba \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-sysvshm \ --enable-sysvmsg

编译完成后，进行安装

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' sudo make install

设置配置文件

sudo cp ~/Documents/LNMP/extra/php-5.4.0/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini cd /usr/local/php/etc sudo cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

修改配置文件

修改 php.ini ，去掉 date.timezone 的注释，并设置为 date.timezone = PRC

更改权限

sudo chown -R www:www /usr/local/php

启动 php-fpm

sudo /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

 

关闭的话，使用以下命令查找出进程号

sudo ps -x | grep php-fpm 假设查找到的进程号为 1214 ,则运行以下命令关闭 php-fpm 进行

sudo kill -QUIT 1214

 

 

 

 

 

安装 nginx

 

解压

cd ~/Documents/LNMP/source/ tar zxvf nginx-1.0.14.tar.gz -C ../extra/ cd ../extra/nginx-1.0.14/

编译

./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=www \ --group=www \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_ssl_module 安装

make sudo make install

编辑 nginx.conf

将第二行的 #user 去掉注释，并改为

user www www;

 

启动nginx

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

关闭

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

 

重载配置文件

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

 

 

至此整个安装过程结束，做个测试吧

sudo mkdir -p /home/host/php/test sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers

在 /home/host/php/test下新建一文件 index.php ,内容如下

<?php phpinfo();

在 /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers 下新建一文件 test.vhost，内容如下

server { listen 80; server_name vct.test.com; root /home/host/php/test; location / { index index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } }

编辑 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  文件，在最后一个 } 之前加入一行

include servers/*.vhost;

编辑 /etc/hosts 文件，加入一行

127.0.0.1 vct.test.com

运行以下命令，更改权限并启动服务

sudo chown -R www:www /usr/local/nginx sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /home/host/php sudo /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 然后，打开浏览器，输入地址 vct.taiup.com ,应该就能看到 php 的相关信息了。

 

为了方便，把三样服务加入到开机自启动中，这样以后一开机就会自动启动了，也可以容易避开中途启动时端口被占用的问题

编辑 /etc/rc.local 文件，在 exit 0 语句前加入以下语句

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/3306/data & sleep 5 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm sleep 3 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx sleep 3