Stan Lippman是著名的C++语言先驱，CFront编译器开发团队的领导人，经典著作C++ Primer的作者。最近，Lippman受邀加盟微软，成为Visual C++.NET的新任首席软件设计师。这件事情在C++社区中引起了巨大的反响。几乎所有为.NET所困扰的传统C++程序员都感到欢欣鼓舞，连C++之父Bjarne Stroustrup都在私下里表示，这是一件好事，微软早该如此。著名Visual C++网站CodeProject为此采访了Stan Lippman。下面是这份采访的全文。由于工作紧张，没有时间翻译成中文，请大家原谅。
An interview with Microsoft's new Visual C++ Architect Stanley Lippman
Stanley Lippman has a long history with the C++ language and the C++ community in general. He was one of the first users and implementers of C++, he worked under Bjarne Stroustrup at the Bell Laboratories Foundation Project, was the principal software engineer at Walt Disney Feature Animation and has written a number popular titles such as the C++ Primer.
Stanley recently joined Microsoft as the Architect for Visual C++ so I caught up with him to have a chat on what he sees as the past, present and future of Visual C++, and what his own personal goals are for Visual C++.
First and foremost Stanley loves the concepts behind .NET. “The framework is amazing, rich and interesting.” Stanley has worked on platforms where even simple concepts such as threading are intensely painful to get working, so having a comprehensive Base Class Library that provides you with such things as a comprehensive threading model that can be accessed using any .NET language of your choice is very important.
Stanley was also pleasantly surprised when he realized that C++ was not left out of .NET, but was in a first class .NET language.
It’s important to remember that libraries such as MFC, ATL, WTL and the .NET BCL are outside of Stanley’s role as the Visual C++ architect, so while we talked a little about them, they aren’t officially under his umbrella of influence.
看来Stan Lippman非常欣赏.NET的整体构架设计。
Stanley is very clear on the future: “I believe Visual C++ has a prosperous future”. He has met the Visual C++ team and says they have undeniable enthusiasm and energy. His goal is very simple: “I want Visual C++ to be the C++ implementation of choice”. Stanley’s personal goal is to have C++ developers choose Visual C++ not only because of the tools and platform, but because it’s the premier implementation of the C++ standard.
In terms of C++ compliance Stanley admits that the latest release (Visual C++ 7.0) isn’t quite there, but the substantial work that has been carried out on the underlying implementation means that moving towards a more comprehensively compliant implementation is within reach. He’ll be pushing forward with compliance especially in the area of templates.
Even though Visual C++ 7.0 does not have the full range of features that Stanley would like to see implemented, he says it is still by far the most compliant implementation of C++ that Microsoft have released. It’s not 100% perfect, but it’s still an excellent compiler with high compliance to the standards. Areas that still have issues are fully documented in the VS.NET documentation in the article titled "Standard Compliance Issues in Visual C++".
Microsoft’s goal is to have a ‘competitively compliant’ compiler – meaning it won’t be 100% compliant. There are a couple of features of the ANSI/ISO standard (for instance the ‘export’ keyword as applied to template classes) that won’t be implemented because they are considered by Microsoft to be obscure and, at this stage, theoretical. Microsoft is however working to ensure that Visual C++ will compile the most popular libraries such as Boost, Blitz, Loki and a fully compliant version of STL. The emphasis is on a level of compliance that allows popular libraries to be compiled, not 100% compliance.
Nick Hodapp, Microsoft’s C++ Product Manager also added that while high compliance is definitely a very important goal Microsoft will not sacrifice code-generation quality or robustness at the cost of extreme compliance. However in recent lab tests they are still beating several popular compilers on conformance tests.
Stanley laughs and says if it were up to him he’d email out updates each week, but there are pesky things like quality control and processes that must be adhered to in anything as complex as Visual C++. With the latest version to be released around February 2002 he would like to see an update for the compiler late the same year, but is unsure as to whether that is possible. He’ll certainly be fighting for an early update. Nick Hodapp backs this up by saying that it’s extremely likely that an update to VC7 will be available next year. Microsoft are investigating the best mechanism to release a compiler refresh next year that would focus on compliance features.
Stanley wants C++ to be far more a part of .NET than it is currently. At the moment the biggest benefit of managed C++ is as a transitional language. You are able to move your native apps into the .NET framework or consume .NET components within your native applications, but it’s not quite the language of choice for developing fully managed applications.
For the pending release of Visual C++ .NET (VC7) Microsoft focused on enabling interop features. VC7 has the best interop scenarios of all the managed languages and includes the ability to have both managed and unmanaged code in the same image. They also focused on enabling optimization technology on the generated MSIL - the result is that VC7 is the only compiler to generate optimized MSIL. In future releases Microsoft will focus on ANSI/ISO conformance (enabling many more features for both managed/unmanaged code), as well as features that will give Visual C++ feature parity with C# - WinForms, for example. Visual C++ will be positioned as the power-systems language for .NET.
VC.NET是唯一一个能够产生优化MSIL指令的语言，也是唯一一个可以在同一个映像中包含受管和不受管代码的语言，所以，它是.NET的系统语言。
Template support and generic programming are a must and Microsoft are very keen to implement codeDOM support, both for ASP.NET and WinForms. With these added features Stanley sees Visual C++ as being the power programmers language of choice for the .NET framework - to compliment it’s current role as the language of choice in unmanaged development. Even without the template support that is currently being pursued Stanley sees Visual C++ as the only language suitable for those who need more than C# or VB.NET can offer.
Stanley went on to congratulate Microsoft for shifting away from being corporate oriented and moving towards being a more developer-centric organization. To this end he will be pushing even more to open up the company to developers and would like to see Microsoft to be even more responsive to the developer community. Microsoft is renowned for pushing ahead with innovation but there can be dangers in moving too far head of not only standards, but also developer’s needs. Stanley will be pushing to ensure that Microsoft listens more to what the developer community has to say while ensuring higher standards compliance.
On the topic of extending Visual C++ to embrace the new features found in the C99 specification Stanley stated that these are issues for the relevant Standards bodies. There is growing concern that a rift is developing between C and C++, with C++ no longer being a superset of the former. Microsoft’s aim is to have the most standards compliant implementation so if the C++ standard is updated to include new features then Microsoft will work towards implementing them in Visual C++.
Microsoft’s approach to adding new features is whether those features are
being used in code that other compilers can build, or whether those features are compelling enough that it becomes apparent that their customers want them.Microsoft will not simply implement features because they are specified in the standard. They will implement them when people want them because they are beneficial.
The message is that Visual C++ is definitely alive and kicking and has a very bright future in the .NET world. Stanley's aim is to have the compiler at a point where it’s the benchmark against which all other compilers are compared – in terms of simplicity, fun factor and conformance. It should be easy to use, versatile, enjoyable, and it should be what developers think of whenever they think C++. Continuing improvements in C++ compliance along with future support for ASP.NET and WinForms will ensure that Visual C++ be the power language for .NET and for native development.
As to the question of whether developers will move to C# instead of managed C++ Stanley thinks there will be more of a move from VB to C# than C++ to C#. C++ is the better, more versatile and the only optimised compiler available in .NET.
我的感觉，似乎VC.NET在.NET时代的地位不但没有削弱，而且得到了加强。非常高兴看到这篇评论。
