oracle的分析函数over 及开窗函数

    技术2022-05-20  37

    一:分析函数over Oracle从8.1.6开始提供分析函数,分析函数用于计算基于组的某种聚合值,它和聚合函数的不同之处是对于每个组返回多行,而聚合函数对于每个组只返回一行。 下面通过几个例子来说明其应用。                                       1:统计某商店的营业额。            date      sale    1          20    2          15    3          14    4          18    5          30   规则:按天统计:每天都统计前面几天的总额   得到的结果:   DATE  SALE      SUM   ----- -------- ------   1     20       20          --1天              2     15       35          --1天+2天              3     14       49          --1天+2天+3天              4     18       67           .             5     30       97           .     2:统计各班成绩第一名的同学信息   NAME  CLASS S                            ----- ----- ----------------------    fda   1     80                        ffd   1     78                        dss   1     95                        cfe   2     74                        gds   2     92                        gf    3     99                        ddd   3     99                        adf   3     45                        asdf  3     55                        3dd   3     78                    通过:      --   select * from                                                                          (                                                                               select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2   )                                                                               where mm=1    --   得到结果:   NAME  CLASS S                      MM                                                                                           ----- ----- ---------------------- ----------------------    dss   1     95                     1                         gds   2     92                     1                         gf    3     99                     1                         ddd   3     99                     1                注意:   1.在求第一名成绩的时候,不能用row_number(),因为如果同班有两个并列第一,row_number()只返回一个结果             2.rank()和dense_rank()的区别是:     --rank()是跳跃排序,有两个第二名时接下来就是第四名     --dense_rank()l是连续排序,有两个第二名时仍然跟着第三名          3.分类统计 (并显示信息)   A  B  C                         -- -- ----------------------    m  a  2                         n  a  3                         m  a  2                         n  b  2                         n  b  1                         x  b  3                         x  b  2                         x  b  4                         h  b  3   select a,c,sum(c)over(partition by a) from t2                  得到结果:  A  B  C       SUM(C)OVER(PARTITIONBYA)        -- -- ------- ------------------------   h  b  3       3                          m  a  2       4                          m  a  2       4                          n  a  3       6                          n  b  2       6                          n  b  1       6                          x  b  3       9                          x  b  2       9                          x  b  4       9                            如果用sum,group by 则只能得到  A  SUM(C)                              -- ----------------------   h  3                        m  4                        n  6                        x  9                        无法得到B列值         =====二:开窗函数                开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小,这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化,举例如下: 1:        over(order by salary) 按照salary排序进行累计,order by是个默认的开窗函数   over(partition by deptno)按照部门分区2:  over(order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following)  每行对应的数据窗口是之前行幅度值不超过5,之后行幅度值不超过5  例如:对于以下列    aa    1    2    2    2    3    4    5    6    7    9     sum(aa)over(order by aa range between 2 preceding and 2 following)  得出的结果是           AA                      SUM           ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------            1                      10                                                                 2                      14                                                                 2                      14                                                                 2                      14                                                                 3                      18                                                                 4                      18                                                                 5                      22                                                                 6                      18                                                                           7                      22                                                                           9                      9                                                                                就是说,对于aa=5的一行 ,sum为  5-1<=aa<=5+2 的和  对于aa=2来说 ,sum=1+2+2+2+3+4=14    ;  又如 对于aa=9 ,9-1<=aa<=9+2 只有9一个数,所以sum=9   ;              3:其它:     over(order by salary rows between 2 preceding and 4 following)         每行对应的数据窗口是之前2行,之后4行 4:下面三条语句等效:                over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)         每行对应的数据窗口是从第一行到最后一行,等效:     over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)          等效     over(partition by null) 

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