使用字符界面安装fedora linux时,很多rpm软件包并没有安装，如果使用rpm 命令来安装软件包，会因为软件包依赖的关系，使人感觉很烦。那有没有一种比较简单的方法，能避免自己去找软件包的依赖关系呢？答案是有的，那就是yum。
Yum在安装rpm软件包是会自动的去寻找软件包的依赖关系，并自动的把依赖的软件包安装好。
1.1 如果linux是安装在VMware上，请在VMware中的cdrom中加载iso的linux安装包Fedora-12-i386-DVD.iso，加载iso方法如下。
1.1.1 点击VMware软件的右下角
1.1.2 并在弹出框的选项中选择settings
1.1.3 选择use ISO image file，并选择正确的ISO存放路径
1.1.4 使用mount –t auto /dev/cdrom /mnt把VMware中cdrom的ISO挂载到/mnt目录下
2.1 在把ISO镜像挂载到/mnt目录后，cd /mnt/Packages/跳转到rpm包的存放位置
2.2 安装yum的rpm包：rpm -ivh yum-3.2.25-1.fc12.noarch.rpm
2.3 安装成功，提示下面信息
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.25-1.fc12.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
3.1 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/，在yum.repos.d目录下面建立一个fedora-iso.repo文件，并输入以下内容保存退出。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi fedora-iso.repo
[dvd]
name=fedora-iso
baseurl=file:///mnt/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY
3.2 把yum.repos.d目录下的其他几个文件使用mv命令改成其他的名字。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv fedora.repo fedora.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv fedora-updates-testing.repo fedora-updates-testing.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv fedora-rawhide.repo fedora-rawhide.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv fedora-updates.repo fedora-updates.repo.bak
网上有很多说要使用createrepo建立rpm包依赖数据库，其实在fedora12的ISO中就已经有自己的已经关系数据库了，在ISO的repodata目录下。
4.1使用命令安装rpm包，如：yum localinstall samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm
如果正确安装，过程如下：
[root@localhost Packages]# yum localinstall samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm: samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
Marking samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package samba.i686 0:3.4.2-47.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: samba-common = 3.4.2-47.fc12 for package: samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/perl for package: samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libcups.so.2 for package: samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cups-libs.i686 1:1.4.1-13.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libavahi-common.so.3 for package: 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.26(GNUTLS_1_4) for package: 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62 for package: 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libavahi-client.so.3 for package: 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libtiff.so.3 for package: 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libgnutls.so.26 for package: 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686
---> Package perl.i686 4:5.10.0-82.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: perl-libs = 4:5.10.0-82.fc12 for package: 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple) for package: 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Module::Pluggable) for package: 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: perl-libs for package: 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: perl(version) for package: 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so for package: 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686
---> Package samba-common.i686 0:3.4.2-47.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libtdb >= 1.1.3 for package: samba-common-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/pkg-config for package: samba-common-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
--> Running transaction check
---> Package avahi.i686 0:0.6.25-5.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libdaemon >= 0.11 for package: avahi-0.6.25-5.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libdaemon.so.0 for package: avahi-0.6.25-5.fc12.i686
---> Package gnutls.i686 0:2.8.5-1.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libtasn1.so.3(LIBTASN1_0_3) for package: gnutls-2.8.5-1.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libtasn1.so.3 for package: gnutls-2.8.5-1.fc12.i686
---> Package libjpeg.i686 0:6b-46.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package libtdb.i686 0:1.1.5-2.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package libtiff.i686 0:3.8.2-15.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package perl-Module-Pluggable.i686 1:3.90-82.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.i686 1:3.07-82.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.03 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.07-82.fc12.i686
---> Package perl-libs.i686 4:5.10.0-82.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package perl-version.i686 3:0.74-82.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package pkgconfig.i686 1:0.23-9.fc12 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libdaemon.i686 0:0.14-1.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package libtasn1.i686 0:2.3-1.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.i686 1:1.04-82.fc12 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
samba i686 3.4.2-47.fc12 /samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686 14 M
Installing for dependencies:
avahi i686 0.6.25-5.fc12 dvd 232 k
cups-libs i686 1:1.4.1-13.fc12 dvd 316 k
gnutls i686 2.8.5-1.fc12 dvd 343 k
libdaemon i686 0.14-1.fc12 dvd 27 k
libjpeg i686 6b-46.fc12 dvd 126 k
libtasn1 i686 2.3-1.fc12 dvd 233 k
libtdb i686 1.1.5-2.fc12 dvd 25 k
libtiff i686 3.8.2-15.fc12 dvd 259 k
perl i686 4:5.10.0-82.fc12 dvd 8.7 M
perl-Module-Pluggable i686 1:3.90-82.fc12 dvd 32 k
perl-Pod-Escapes i686 1:1.04-82.fc12 dvd 24 k
perl-Pod-Simple i686 1:3.07-82.fc12 dvd 182 k
perl-libs i686 4:5.10.0-82.fc12 dvd 738 k
perl-version i686 3:0.74-82.fc12 dvd 34 k
pkgconfig i686 1:0.23-9.fc12 dvd 64 k
samba-common i686 3.4.2-47.fc12 dvd 11 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 17 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total size: 37 M
Total download size: 22 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 32 MB/s | 22 MB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB has been altered since the last yum transaction.
Installing : libjpeg-6b-46.fc12.i686 1/17
Installing : libtiff-3.8.2-15.fc12.i686 2/17
Installing : libdaemon-0.14-1.fc12.i686 3/17
Installing : avahi-0.6.25-5.fc12.i686 4/17
Installing : libtdb-1.1.5-2.fc12.i686 5/17
Installing : 1:pkgconfig-0.23-9.fc12.i686 6/17
Installing : samba-common-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686 7/17
Installing : libtasn1-2.3-1.fc12.i686 8/17
Installing : gnutls-2.8.5-1.fc12.i686 9/17
Installing : 1:cups-libs-1.4.1-13.fc12.i686 10/17
Installing : 1:perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-82.fc12.i686 11/17
Installing : 3:perl-version-0.74-82.fc12.i686 12/17
Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-82.fc12.i686 13/17
Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686 14/17
Installing : 4:perl-5.10.0-82.fc12.i686 15/17
Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.07-82.fc12.i686 16/17
Installing : samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686 17/17
Installed:
samba.i686 0:3.4.2-47.fc12
Dependency Installed:
avahi.i686 0:0.6.25-5.fc12
cups-libs.i686 1:1.4.1-13.fc12
gnutls.i686 0:2.8.5-1.fc12
libdaemon.i686 0:0.14-1.fc12
libjpeg.i686 0:6b-46.fc12
libtasn1.i686 0:2.3-1.fc12
libtdb.i686 0:1.1.5-2.fc12
libtiff.i686 0:3.8.2-15.fc12
perl.i686 4:5.10.0-82.fc12
perl-Module-Pluggable.i686 1:3.90-82.fc12
perl-Pod-Escapes.i686 1:1.04-82.fc12
perl-Pod-Simple.i686 1:3.07-82.fc12
perl-libs.i686 4:5.10.0-82.fc12
perl-version.i686 3:0.74-82.fc12
pkgconfig.i686 1:0.23-9.fc12
samba-common.i686 0:3.4.2-47.fc12
Complete!
如果安装过程中有错误提示，请见下面第5点的处理，处理完后重复第4步骤。
5.1 注意，如果安装过程中有下面信息错误信息提示：
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 signature: NOKEY, key ID 57bbccba
Public key for samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm is not installed
这是因为没有安装rpm包的签名信息导致，只有安装下签名信息即可：
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
[root@localhost mnt]# rpm -qa | grep samba
如果出现下面三行内容，则表示已经安装好了Samba
samba-winbind-clients-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
samba-common-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686
如果没有安装好，需要挂载安装光盘Fedora-12-i386-DVD.iso
[root@localhost /]# mount –t auto /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost /]# cd /mnt/
[root@localhost mnt]# ls
EFI Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-ppc
GPL repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-ppc64
images RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-x86_64
isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-12-primary TRANS.TBL
media.repo RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-i386
[root@localhost mnt]# cd Packages/
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm
即可安装成功。
如果不能安装，有依赖关系提示的话，请使用yum安装：
[root@localhost Packages]# yum localinstall samba-3.4.2-47.fc12.i686.rpm
[root@localhost /]# cd /etc/samba/
[root@localhost samba]# ls
lmhosts smb.conf smbpasswd smbusers
这里的smb.conf是samba服务器的主要配置文件。
还要注意一点，smbpasswd文件是用来存储用户帐号和经过md5加密后的密码。
刚安装好samba服务时，此文件不存在。需要手工创建。下面会介绍。
◆编辑smb.conf文件
[root@localhost samba]# vi smb.conf
进行如下设置：
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = yes
writable = yes
; valid users = %S
; valid users = MYDOMAIN/%S
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
; [public]
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/dengfei
; public = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; write list = +staff
wq! (保存退出)
提示：
path = /home/dengfei ，/home/dengfei为共享目录
[root@localhost samba]# service smb start
Starting SMB services: [ OK ]
[root@localhost samba]# service nmb start
Starting NMB services: [ OK ]
1）建一个系统用户
[root@localhost samba]# useradd testuser （建一个名叫testuser的用户）
[root@localhost samba]# passwd testuser （给testuser用户添加密码）
Changing password for user samba.
New password: （密码要六位以上，不显示在屏幕上）
BAD PASSWORD: it does not contain enough DIFFERENT characters
Retype new password: （确认密码）
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully
2) 更新 /etv/samba/smbpasswd 文件
[root@localhost samba]# cat /etc/passwd | mksmbpasswd.sh > /etc/samba/smbpasswd
3) 然后创建samba帐户
[root@localhost samba]# smbpasswd -a testuser
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user testuser.
6、重新启动smb服务
[root@localhost samba]# service smb restart
Shutting down SMB services: [ OK ]
Starting SMB services: [ OK ]
[root@localhost samba]# service nmb restart
Shutting down NMB services: [ OK ]
Starting NMB services: [ OK ]
1、 打开selinux共享
[root@localhost samba]# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
2、 开启samba读写权限
[root@localhost samba]# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
3、 关闭防火墙
[root@localhost samba]# chkconfig iptables off (永久关闭，重启不复原)
[root@localhost samba]# service iptables stop (马上生效，启动后又打开了)
在Linux 下访问自己的samba服务器，显示信息为：
如果没有smbclient命令，就先要按照smbclient rpm包。
[root@localhost samba]# smbclient -L //192.168.40.200 -U dengfei
Enter dengfei's password:
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.4.2-47.fc12]
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
homes Disk Home Directories
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 3.4.2-47.fc12)
dengfei Disk Home Directories
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.4.2-47.fc12]
Server Comment
--------- -------
LOCALHOST Samba Server Version 3.4.2-47.fc12
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
MYGROUP LOCALHOST
WORKGROUP IPANEL-C4977EBB
参考文档：
http://crazytoon.com/2007/05/22/samba-how-do-you-install-and-set-up-samba-in-linux-redhat-enterpriserhel-centos-fedora/ (外国人写的，比较有技术含量)
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0370samba.php（介绍samba的由来及详细资料，可以随便看看）
rpm -qa | grep tftp
如果有显示:
tftp-0.49-5.fc12.i686
tftp-server-0.49-5.fc12.i686
就表示软件包有正确安装。
如果没有任何提示表示没有安装软件包，需要下载tftp-0.49-5.fc12.i686.rpm和tftp-server-0.49-5.fc12.i686.rpm，并且下载xinetd-2.3.14-31.fc12.i686.rpm软件包并安装，
安装命令：
rpm -ivh tftp-0.49-5.fc12.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh xinetd-2.3.14-31.fc12.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh tftp-server-0.49-5.fc12.i686.rpm
如果有安装软件包，则需要配置tftp服务，运行命令：vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 配置成如下格式：
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /tftpboot -c
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
其中，server_args用于指定tftp的目录，-s指定目录，-c指定了可以创立文件。
如果没有/tftpboot目录，则使用命令：mkdir /tftpboot命令创建这个目录，并使用命令chmod 777 -R /tftpboot命令改变目录权限。
做好这些后，使用命令：service xinetd restart 启动tftp服务。
验证tftp服务是否可以使用，在/tftpboot目录下面放置一个文件test.txt。在命令输入框中cd 跳转到其他目录做如下操作：
[root@localhost home]# cd /home/
[root@localhost home]# tftp 192.168.1.100
tftp> get test.txt
tftp> q
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.txt
如果没有提示，并且在当前目录能看到get的文件，说明tftp安装成功。
如果在测试tftp时，出现如下错误：
Error code 0: Permission denied
出现这样的问题是因为selinux造成的，只要修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux中的SELINUX改成SELINUX=disabled，在重启就能解决。
1、 查询是否已经安装nfs软件包
rpm –qa | grep nfs
如果有下列显示，则表示已经安装nfs软件包：
[root@localhost home]# rpm -qa | grep nfs
nfs-utils-lib-1.1.4-8.fc12.i686
nfs-utils-1.2.0-18.fc12.i686
如果没有安装则使用yum安装，
yum localinstall nfs-utils-1.2.0-18.fc12.i686.rpm
修改nfs共享设置：
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/exports
/share *(rw,no_root_squash,sync,no_all_squash)
wq!保存退出
