耦合关系:
动机(Motivation): 在软件系统中,由于需求的变化,"这个对象的具体实现"经常面临着剧烈的变化,但它却有比较稳定的接口。 如何应对这种变化呢?提供一种封装机制来隔离出"这个易变对象"的变化,从而保持系统中"其它依赖的对象"不随需求的变化而变化。
意图(Intent): 定义一个用户创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例哪一个类。Factory Method使一个类的实例化延迟到子类。 ----------《设计模式》GOF结构图(Struct):
生活实例:
适用性: 1.当一个类不知道它所必须创建的对象类的时候。 2.当一个类希望由它子类来指定它所创建对象的时候。 3.当类将创建对象的职责委托给多个帮助子类中的某个,并且你希望将哪一个帮助子类是代理者这一信息局部化的时候。实例代码:CarFactory类:
1 public abstract class CarFactory 2 { 3 public abstract Car CarCreate(); 4 }
Car类:
1 public abstract class Car 2 { 3 public abstract void StartUp(); 4 public abstract void Run(); 5 public abstract void Stop(); 6 7 }
HongQiCarFactory类:
1 public class HongQiCarFactory:CarFactory 2 { 3 public override Car CarCreate() 4 { 5 return new HongQiCar(); 6 } 7 }
BMWCarFactory类:
1 public class BMWCarFactory:CarFactory 2 { 3 public override Car CarCreate() 4 { 5 return new BMWCar(); 6 } 7 }
HongQiCar类:
1 public class HongQiCar:Car 2 { 3 public override void StartUp() 4 { 5 Console.WriteLine( " Test HongQiCar start-up speed! " ); 6 } 7 public override void Run() 8 { 9 Console.WriteLine( " The HongQiCar run is very quickly! " ); 10 } 11 public override void Stop() 12 { 13 Console.WriteLine( " The slow stop time is 3 second " ); 14 } 15 }
BMWCar类:
1 public class BMWCar:Car 2 { 3 public override void StartUp() 4 { 5 Console.WriteLine( " The BMWCar start-up speed is very quickly " ); 6 } 7 public override void Run() 8 { 9 Console.WriteLine( " The BMWCar run is quitely fast and safe!!! " ); 10 } 11 public override void Stop() 12 { 13 Console.WriteLine( " The slow stop time is 2 second " ); 14 } 15 }
app.config
1 <? xml version = " 1.0 " encoding = " utf-8 " ?> 2 < configuration > 3 < appSettings > 4 < add key = " No1 " value = " HongQiCarFactory " /> 5 < add key = " No2 " value = " BMWCarFactory " /> 6 </ appSettings > 7 </ configuration >
Program类:
1 class Program 2 { 3 static void Main( string [] args) 4 { 5 Console.WriteLine( " Please Enter Factory Method No: " ); 6 Console.WriteLine( " ****************************** " ); 7 Console.WriteLine( " no Factory Method " ); 8 Console.WriteLine( " 1 HongQiCarFactory " ); 9 Console.WriteLine( " 2 BMWCarFactory " ); 10 Console.WriteLine( " ****************************** " ); 11 int no = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine().ToString()); 12 string factoryType = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[ " No " + no]; 13 // CarFactory factory = new HongQiCarFactory(); 14 CarFactory factory = (CarFactory)Assembly.Load( " FactoryMehtod " ).CreateInstance( " FactoryMehtod. " + factoryType); ; 15 Car car = factory.CarCreate(); 16 car.StartUp(); 17 car.Run(); 18 car.Stop(); 19 20 } 21 }Factory Method 模式的几个要点:Factory Method模式主要用于隔离类对象的使用者和具体类型之间的耦合关系。面对一个经常变化的具体类型,紧耦合关系会导致软件的脆弱。Factory Method模式通过面向对象的手法,将所要创建的具体对象工作延迟到子类,从而实现一种扩展(而非更改)的策略,较好地解决了这种紧耦合关系。
Factory Mehtod模式解决"单个对象"的需求变化,AbstractFactory模式解决"系列对象"的需求变化,Builder模式解决"对象部分"的需求变化。
转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/abcdwxc/archive/2007/08/31/876994.html