功能:检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况。可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间,目前还剩下多少空间等信息。 语法:df [选项] 说明:df命令可显示所有文件系统对i节点和磁盘块的使用情况。 该命令各个选项的含义如下: -a 显示所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况,包括0块(block)的文件系统,如/proc文件系统。 -k 以k字节为单位显示。 -i 显示i节点信息,而不是磁盘块。 -t 显示各指定类型的文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况。 -x 列出不是某一指定类型文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况(与t选项相反)。 -T 显示文件系统类型。
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # df -i -x tmpfs Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/vda1 2099088 112652 1986436 6% / rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # df -iT -t vfat -t ext3 Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/vda1 ext3 2099088 112652 1986436 6% /
du命令:
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # du --help Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories --apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like -B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks -b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1' -c, --total produce a grand total -D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line --files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F -H like --si, but also evokes a warning; will soon change to be equivalent to --dereference-args (-D) -h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) --si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -k like --block-size=1K -l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked -m like --block-size=1M -L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links -P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default) -0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline -S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories -s, --summarize display only a total for each argument -x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems -X FILE, --exclude-from=FILE Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE. --exclude=PATTERN Exclude files that match PATTERN. --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize --time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories --time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status --time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT FORMAT is interpreted like `date' --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y. Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # du -hc * 4.0K Desktop 20K Documents 4.0K bin 20K inst-sys/.yast2 8.0K inst-sys/.gnupg 8.0K inst-sys/.config 56K inst-sys 84K total rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # du -hs 15M .
fsck命令:
fsck 1.41.1 (01-Sep-2008) fsck.ext3: invalid option -- 'h' Usage: fsck.ext3 [-panyrcdfvtDFV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize] [-I inode_buffer_blocks] [-P process_inode_size] [-l|-L bad_blocks_file] [-C fd] [-j external_journal] [-E extended-options] device Emergency help: -p Automatic repair (no questions) -n Make no changes to the filesystem -y Assume "yes" to all questions -c Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list -f Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean -v Be verbose -b superblock Use alternative superblock -B blocksize Force blocksize when looking for superblock -j external_journal Set location of the external journal -l bad_blocks_file Add to badblocks list -L bad_blocks_file Set badblocks list
Linux fstab命令的理解:
rcc-pok-idg-2318:~ # cat /etc/fstab /dev/vda1 / ext3 acl,user_xattr 1 1 /dev/vda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0 debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0 usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5
第一列表示 file system
第二列表示挂载点
第三列表示文件类型
第5列为dump选项,设置是否让备份程序dump备份文件系统,0为忽略,1为备份。 第6列为fsck选项,告诉fsck程序以什么顺序检查文件系统,0为忽略。
lsof: lsof - list open files
基本描述:查看系统/进程所占资源
语法:lsof[选择参数][文件]
功能:lsof 命令:用于查看你进程开打的文件,打开文件的进程,进程打开的端口(TCP、UDP)。找回/恢复删除的文件。是十分方便的系统监视工具,因为 lsof 需要访问核心内存和各种文件,所以需要root用户执行
参数:
-a 列出打开文件存在的进程 -c<进程名> 列出指定进程所打开的文件 -g 列出GID号进程详情 -d<文件号> 列出占用该文件号的进程 +d<目录> 列出目录下被打开的文件 +D<目录> 递归列出目录下被打开的文件 -n<目录> 列出使用NFS的文件 -i<条件> 列出符合条件的进程。(4、6、协议、:端口、 @ip ) -p<进程号> 列出指定进程号所打开的文件 -u 列出UID号进程详情
-h 显示帮助信息 -v 显示版本信息