ehcache 与spring相结合超时自动刷新缓存的框架搭建

    技术2022-05-20  37

    我们在做J2EE工程中经常会碰到一些常量或者是一些不太用的数据。

     

    这部分数据我们希望是把它放到一个共同的地方,然后大家都能去调用,而不用频繁调用数据库以提高web访问的效率。

     

    这样的东西就是缓存(cache),对于缓存的正确理解是一块不太变动的数据,但是这块数据偶尔或者周期新会被变动的,如:

     

    地区,分公司,省市。。。。。。

     

    当系统一开始运行时,我们可以把一批静态的数据放入cache,当数据变化时,我们要从数据库把最新的数据拿出来刷新这块cache

     

    我们以前的作法是做一个static 的静态变量,把这样的数据放进去,然后用一个schedule job定期去刷新它,然后在用户访问时先找内存,如果内存里没有找到再找数据库,找到数据库中的数据后把新的数据放入 cache

     

    这带来了比较繁琐的编码工作,伴随而来的代码维护和性能问题也是很受影响的。

     

    因此在此我们引入了ehcache组件。

     

    目前市面上比较流行的是oscacheehcache,本人这一阵对两种cache各作了一些POC,作了一些比较,包括在cluster环境下的试用,觉得在效率和性能上两者差不多。

     

    但是在配置和功能上ehcache明显有优势。

     

    特别是spring2后续版本引入了对ehcache的集成后,更是使得编程者在利用缓存的问题上大为受益,我写这篇文章的目的就是为了使用SPRING AOP的功能,把调用维护ehcacheAPI函数封装入框架中,使得ehcache的维护对于开发人员来说保持透明。

      

    Ehcache的配置件(ehcache.xml):

     

    <ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">

        <diskStore path="/tmp"/>

          

        <defaultCache

                maxElementsInMemory="500"

                eternal="false"

                timeToIdleSeconds="0"

                timeToLiveSeconds="60"

                overflowToDisk="false"

                maxElementsOnDisk="0"

                diskPersistent="false"

                diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="0"

                memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"

                />

        <cache name="countryCache"

                maxElementsInMemory="10000"

                eternal="false"

                timeToIdleSeconds="0"

                timeToLiveSeconds="60"

                overflowToDisk="false"

                maxElementsOnDisk="0"

                diskPersistent="false"

                diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="0"

                memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">

        </cache>

       

    </ehcache>

     

    1.必须要有的属性:

     

    name: cache的名字,用来识别不同的cache,必须惟一。

     

    maxElementsInMemory: 内存管理的缓存元素数量最大限值。

     

    maxElementsOnDisk: 硬盘管理的缓存元素数量最大限值。默认值为0,就是没有限制。

     

    eternal: 设定元素是否持久话。若设为true,则缓存元素不会过期。

     

    overflowToDisk: 设定是否在内存填满的时候把数据转到磁盘上。

     

    2.下面是一些可选属性:

     

    timeToIdleSeconds 设定元素在过期前空闲状态的时间,只对非持久性缓存对象有效。默认值为0,值为0意味着元素可以闲置至无限长时间。

     

    timeToLiveSeconds: 设定元素从创建到过期的时间。其他与timeToIdleSeconds类似。

     

    diskPersistent: 设定在虚拟机重启时是否进行磁盘存储,默认为false.(我的直觉,对于安全小型应用,宜设为true)

     

    diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds: 访问磁盘线程活动时间。

     

    diskSpoolBufferSizeMB: 存入磁盘时的缓冲区大小,默认30MB,每个缓存都有自己的缓冲区。

     

    memoryStoreEvictionPolicy: 元素逐出缓存规则。共有三种,Recently Used (LRU)最近最少使用,为默认。 First In First Out (FIFO),先进先出。Less Frequently Used(specified as LFU)最少使用。

     

    根据描述,上面我们设置了一个60秒过期不使用磁盘持久策略的缓存。

     

    下面来看与spring的结合,我作一了个ehcacheBean.xml文件:

     

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  

     <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

    <beans>

                    <bean id="defaultCacheManager"

                                    class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean">

                                    <property name="configLocation">

                                                    <value>classpath:ehcache.xml</value>

                                    </property>

                    </bean>

     

     

                    <bean id="ehCache" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean">

                                    <property name="cacheManager">

                                                    <ref local="defaultCacheManager" />

                                    </property>

                                    <property name="cacheName">

                                                    <value>countryCache</value>

                                    </property>

                    </bean>

     

                    <bean id="methodCacheInterceptor" class="com.testcompany.framework.ehcache.MethodCacheInterceptor">

                                    <property name="cache">

                                                    <ref local="ehCache" />

                                    </property>

                    </bean>

     

                 <bean id="methodCacheAfterAdvice" class="com.testcompany.framework.ehcache.MethodCacheAfterAdvice">

                                    <property name="cache">

                                                    <ref local="ehCache" />

                                    </property>

                    </bean>

     

                    <bean id="methodCachePointCut"

                                    class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">

                                    <property name="advice">

                                                    <ref local="methodCacheInterceptor" />

                                    </property>

                                    <property name="patterns">

                                                    <list>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheFind*.*</value>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheGet*.*</value>

                                                    </list>

                                    </property>

                    </bean>

                    <bean id="methodCachePointCutAdvice"

                                    class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">

                                    <property name="advice">

                                                    <ref local="methodCacheAfterAdvice" />

                                    </property>

                                    <property name="patterns">

                                                    <list>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheCreate.*</value>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheUpdate.*</value>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheDelete.*</value>

                                                    </list>

                                    </property>

                    </bean>

    </beans> 

     

    在此我定义了两个拦截器,一个叫MethodCacheInterceptor一个叫MethodCacheAfterAdvice

     

    这两个拦截器的作用就是提供:

     

    1.       用户调用ehcache时,自动先找ehcache中的对象,如果找不到再调用相关的service方法(如调用DB中的SQL来查询数据)。

     

    它对以以下表达式的类方法作intercept:

     

                                                     <list>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheFind*.*</value>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheGet*.*</value>

                                                    </list>

     

    2.       为用户提供了一套管理ehcacheAPI函数,使得用户不用去写ehcacheapi函数来对ehcacheCRUD的操作

     

    它对以以下表达式的类方法作after advice:

     

                                                    <list>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheCreate.*</value>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheUpdate.*</value>

                                                                    <value>com.testcompany.common.cache.EHCacheComponent.cacheDelete.*</value>

                                                    </list>

     

    我们一起来看这两个类的具体实现吧。

     

    MethodCacheInterceptor.class

     

    public class MethodCacheInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor,

                                    InitializingBean {

                    private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

     

                    private Cache cache;

     

                    public void setCache(Cache cache) {

                                    this.cache = cache;

                    }

     

                    public MethodCacheInterceptor() {

                                    super();

                    }

     

                    @Override

                    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {

                                    String targetName = invocation.getThis().getClass().getName();

                                    String methodName = invocation.getMethod().getName();

                                    Object[] arguments = invocation.getArguments();

                                    Object result;

     

                                    logger.info("Find object from cache is " + cache.getName());

     

                                    String cacheKey = getCacheKey(targetName, methodName, arguments);

                                    Element element = cache.get(cacheKey);

     

                                    if (element == null) {

                                                    logger

                                                                                    .info("Can't find result in Cache , Get method result and create cache........!");

                                                    result = invocation.proceed();

                                                    element = new Element(cacheKey, (Serializable) result);

                                                    cache.put(element);

                                    }else{

                                                    logger

                                                    .info("Find result in Cache , Get method result and create cache........!");

                                    }

                                    return element.getValue();

                    }

     

                    private String getCacheKey(String targetName, String methodName,

                                                    Object[] arguments) {

                                    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

                                    sb.append(targetName).append(".").append(methodName);

                                    if ((arguments != null) && (arguments.length != 0)) {

                                                    for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {

                                                                    sb.append(".").append(arguments[i]);

                                                    }

                                    }

                                    return sb.toString();

                    }

     

                    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {

                                    if (cache == null) {

                                                    logger.error("Need a cache. Please use setCache(Cache) create it.");

                                    }

                    }

     

    }

     

    MethodCacheAfterAdvice

     

    public class MethodCacheAfterAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice,

                                    InitializingBean {

     

                    private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

     

                    private Cache cache;

     

                    public void setCache(Cache cache) {

                                    this.cache = cache;

                    }

     

                    public MethodCacheAfterAdvice() {

                                    super();

                    }

     

                    public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2,

                                                    Object arg3) throws Throwable {

                                    String className = arg3.getClass().getName();

                                    List list = cache.getKeys();

                                    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {

                                                    String cacheKey = String.valueOf(list.get(i));

                                                    if (cacheKey.startsWith(className)) {

                                                                    cache.remove(cacheKey);

                                                                    logger.debug("remove cache " + cacheKey);

                                                    }

                                    }

                    }

     

                    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {

                                    if (cache == null) {

                                                    logger.error("Need a cache. Please use setCache(Cache) create it.");

                                    }

                    }

     

    }

    我们一起来看EHCacheComponent类的具体实现吧:

     

    @Component

    public class EHCacheComponent {

                   

                    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

                   

                    @Resource

                    private ICommonService commonService;

                   

                    public List<CountryDBO> cacheFindCountry()throws Exception{

                                    return commonService.getCountriesForMake();

                    }

    }

     

    该类中的方法cacheFindCountry()就是一个从缓存里找country信息的类。

    因此,public List<CountryDBO> cacheFindCountry()是被cache的,每次调用时该方法都会被MethodCacheInterceptor拦截住,然后先去找cache,如果当在缓存里找到cacheFindCountry的对象后会直接返回一个list,如果没有,它会去调用servicegetCountriesForMake()方法。

     

    现在来看我们原来的action的写法与更改成ehcache方式的写法。

     

                   //List<CountryDBO> countries = commonService.getCountriesForMake();         /*原来在action中的调用*/

                   

                    List<CountryDBO> countries =cache.cacheFindCountry();                                         /*现在的调用*/

     

    这时,用法登录主界面,查询国别信息,后台log日志报出:

     

    2011-02-18 12:25:49  INFO MethodCacheInterceptor:33 - Find object from cache is countryCache

    2011-02-18 12:25:49  INFO MethodCacheInterceptor:40 - Can't find result in Cache , Get method result and create cache........!

    2011-02-18 12:25:49  INFO CommonDAOImpl:30 - >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>get counter for make from db

     

    再次作国别信息的查询,后台log日志报出:

     

    2011-02-18 11:58:26  INFO MethodCacheInterceptor:33 - Find object from cache is countryCache

    2011-02-18 11:58:26  INFO MethodCacheInterceptor:46 - Find result in Cache , Get method result and create cache........!

     

     

    此处的2011-02-18 12:25:49  INFO CommonDAOImpl:30 - >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>get counter for make from db语句是我故意放在调用数据库的dao方法开头的。

     

    使得每次getCountriesForMakeservice方法去调用这个daodao. getCountriesForMake()方法时被log日志打印一下。

     

    因此在60秒内我们做两次这样的国别信息查询,第一次是走dao,第二次没走DAO,但是国别信息也被查询出来了,大功告成。

     

    最后:

     

    ehcache.xml文件中的配置中的两个值的更改需要根据实际情况:

                timeToIdleSeconds="0"

                timeToLiveSeconds="60"

     

    比如说如果你的国别过1个月会被客服人员更新一次,那可以把这个timeToLiveSeconds时间设置为一个月的秒。

    timeToIdleSeconds这个值代表这个值如果在timeToLiveSeconds期内没人动,就会一直闲置着,而不会销毁。


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