[转载]浅谈ASP.NET的Postback - ASP.NET - yaosansi///'s Blog
说道ASP.NET的Postback,就得说Web Page的生命周期,但是Web Page的生命周期却不是三言两语就能够说得清楚的,所以在这里单纯站的编程的角度,撇开Web Page 的生命周期浅谈Postback。
我们知道,无论是ASP.NET1.x,2.0,甚至是以后的版本,ASP.NET最终Render到Client端通过浏览器浏览的都是一样:一个单纯的HTML。Client通过Submit Form的方式将填入Form的数据提交给Server进行处理。我们现在来看看ASP.NET整个Postback程序处理的过程。
首先我们通过一个Sample来看ASP.NET如何处理一个通过Click一个Button引起的Postback。下面是Web Page的HTML:
<% @ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > < html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > < head runat ="server" > < title > Test Page </ title > </ head > < body > < form id ="form1" runat ="server" > < div > < asp:Label runat ="server" ID ="LabelMessage" ForeColor ="red" ></ asp:Label > </ div > < div > < asp:Button runat ="server" ID ="Button1" Text ="Button1" OnClick ="Button1_Click" OnCommand ="Button_Command" CommandArgument ="Button1" /> < asp:Button runat ="server" ID ="Button2" Text ="Button2" OnClick ="Button2_Click" OnCommand ="Button_Command" CommandArgument ="Button2" UseSubmitBehavior ="false" /> < asp:Button runat ="server" ID ="Button3" Text ="Button3" OnClick ="Button3_Click" OnCommand ="Button_Command" CommandArgument ="Button3" UseSubmitBehavior ="false" /> </ div > </ form > </ body > </ html >
很简单,定义了3个Button,分别注册了他们的两个Event:Click和Command。3个Button的Command Event Hander是一样的:Button_Command,通过指定的CommandArgument来让Event Handler判断到底是哪个Button触发了Command Event。
下面是Code Behind:
using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string message = string.Format("The {0} event of {1} is fired", "Click", "Button1"); this.LabelMessage.Text = message; } protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string message = string.Format("The {0} event of {1} is fired", "Click", "Button2"); this.LabelMessage.Text = message; } protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string message = string.Format("The {0} event of {1} is fired", "Click", "Button3"); this.LabelMessage.Text = message; } protected void Button_Command(object sender, CommandEventArgs e) { string message = string.Format("The {0} event of {1} is fired", "Command", e.CommandArgument); this.LabelMessage.Text += "; " + message; }}
我们来运行这个Page,并Click某个按钮(比如Button2):
我们通过最上方的Message可以看出,Button2的Click Event和Command先后触发。
这篇Blog的主旨就是从方法调用的角度讲述整个程序运行的过程:从HTML 被Render到Client端,到用户Click某个按钮,输入被Postback到Server端,并触发两个Event,执行Event Handler打印出相关的Message。
首先我们来看看ASP.NET设计的Page Render到Client端的HTML是什么样子:
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > < html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > < head > < title > Test Page </ title > </ head > < body > < form name ="form1" method ="post" action ="Default.aspx" id ="form1" > < div > < input type ="hidden" name ="__EVENTTARGET" id ="__EVENTTARGET" value ="" /> < input type ="hidden" name ="__EVENTARGUMENT" id ="__EVENTARGUMENT" value ="" /> < input type ="hidden" name ="__VIEWSTATE" id ="__VIEWSTATE" value ="/wEPDwUKMTA0NDQ2OTE5OWRk281L4eAk7iZT10hzg+BeOyoUWBQ=" /> </ div > < script type ="text/javascript" > <!--var theForm = document.forms['form1'];if (!theForm) { theForm = document.form1;}function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) { if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) { theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget; theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument; theForm.submit(); }}// --> </ script > < div > < span id ="LabelMessage" style ="color:Red;" ></ span > </ div > < div > < input type ="submit" name ="Button1" value ="Button1" id ="Button1" /> < input type ="button" name ="Button2" value ="Button2" onclick ="javascript:__doPostBack('Button2','')" id ="Button2" /> < input type ="button" name ="Button3" value ="Button3" onclick ="javascript:__doPostBack('Button3','')" id ="Button3" /> </ div > </ form > </ body > </ html >
上面的HTMLBody部分大体包括3个部分:
1. 定义了3个hidden field:
< input type ="hidden" name ="__EVENTTARGET" id ="__EVENTTARGET" value ="" /> < input type ="hidden" name ="__EVENTARGUMENT" id ="__EVENTARGUMENT" value ="" /> < input type ="hidden" name ="__VIEWSTATE" id ="__VIEWSTATE" value ="/wEPDwUKMTA0NDQ2OTE5OWRk281L4eAk7iZT10hzg+BeOyoUWBQ=" />
从他们的命名可以看出他们分别代表的意思:__EVENTTARGET代表触发Event的Control的Unique name;__EVENTARGUMENT代表为Event Handler定义的额外的参数;__VIEWSTATE:代表的是Viewstate。
2. 一段script:
< script type ="text/javascript" > <!--var theForm = document.forms['form1'];if (!theForm) { theForm = document.form1;}function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) { if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) { theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget; theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument; theForm.submit(); }}// --> </ script > 定义了一个__doPostBack function完成Postback的操作,该function只有区区3行代码,前两行通过参数对上面定义的两个hidden field赋值,然后向Server端提交表单。3. 一段HTML对应通过ASP.NET定义的Web Control。
< div > < span id ="LabelMessage" style ="color:Red;" ></ span > </ div > < div > < input type ="submit" name ="Button1" value ="Button1" id ="Button1" /> < input type ="button" name ="Button2" value ="Button2" onclick ="javascript:__doPostBack('Button2','')" id ="Button2" /> < input type ="button" name ="Button3" value ="Button3" onclick ="javascript:__doPostBack('Button3','')" id ="Button3" /> div> 我们定义的3个Button被转化成3个能向Server端提交表单的<input > Tag, 但是他们提交表的方式却不一样,第一个以<input type="submit">的方式提交,后面两个通过调用javascript的方式提交表单(<input type="button">)。对于一个System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button,默认采用第一种提交方式,但是我们通过设置UseSubmitBehavior属性(这个属性时ASP.NET 2.0新加的,1x没有相应的设置),改变其表单提交的行为。
当用户Click Button2的时候,调用__doPostBack,并传入两个参数:一个代表出发Event的对象的Unique name,也就是Button2的名称,另一个描述Event的额外信息的参数,这里不需要,所以这里是空字符串。在__doPostBack中把这两个参数赋值给两个Hidden Field:__EVENTTARGET,__EVENTARGUMENT。然后向Server端提交表单,完成Postback。
然后我们来看看Server如何处理这个Postback,关于Web Page的生命周期在这里就不详细介绍了。Server端通过__EVENTTARGET这个hidden field的值找到对应的Server端的Control,通过Reflection确定该Control是否实现了System.Web.UI.IPostBackEventHandler Interface。如果该Control确实实现了该Interface,那么调用Page的RaisePostBackEvent方法,这是一个Virtual的方法,可以被Override。我们来看该方法的定义。
protected virtual void RaisePostBackEvent( string eventArgument) { base.ValidateEvent(this.UniqueID, eventArgument); if (this.CausesValidation) { this.Page.Validate(this.ValidationGroup); } this.OnClick(EventArgs.Empty); this.OnCommand(new CommandEventArgs(this.CommandName, this.CommandArgument));}
这个方法也很简单,先进行Validation,然后先后出发两个Event:OnClick 和OnCommand,随后调用对应的Event handler,这和我们的输出结果是吻合的。
这基本上就是整个Postback的整个程序执行的过程,现在我们对我们的Page作一些小的有趣的改动,来验证一下:
Client端和Server端进行交互的途径就是提交表单(Form Submitting),而我们现在有两种方式来提交表单:通过<input type="submit">控件;通过调用javascript:__doPostBack。基于这一点我们在Html中加了下面一段javascript:
< script type ="text/javascript" > function postback() { __doPostBack('Button1',''); } document.getElementById("Button2").onclick = postback; document.getElementById("Button3").onclick = postback; </ script > 我们override Button2和Button3的onclick event,把'Button1作为参数传入__doPostBack方法,可以想象,现在无论Click那个Button,程序都将认为之Click Button1。有兴趣的可以亲自试试,无论Click那个Button,显示的效果都将是下面的样子:接下来我们取消上面的改动,在Server对Code作另一方面的尝试。我们前面说过,Server接受到Client的Postback,对于事件的Web Control(或者Html Server Control),如果实现了System.Web.UI.IPostBackEventHandler接口,会调用Page的virtual方法:RaisePostbackEvent,我们现在来Override这个方法:
protected override void RaisePostBackEvent(IPostBackEventHandler sourceControl, string eventArgument) { sourceControl = this.Button1; base.RaisePostBackEvent(sourceControl, eventArgument);} 在上面的Code中,我们把sourceControl设为Button1,这样无论在client端Click的那个Button,现在都将认为是对Button的Click。运行的结果和上面一样。通过上面的介绍,我们知道了Page的RaisePostBackEvent会调用Source Control的RaisePostBackEvent方法,这个方法是定义在IPostBackEventHandler接口中,很多Control都实现了这个方法,对于Button来说,这个方法是Virtual的,它可以被你Override,如果感兴趣的话,可以自己写一个Custom Button,并Override该方法,看看执行的情况,相信会使加深你对Postback的理解。
[EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)] protected virtual void RaisePostBackEvent(IPostBackEventHandler sourceControl, string eventArgument) { sourceControl.RaisePostBackEvent(eventArgument);}我们可以看到该方法直接调用该sourceControl的RaisePostBackEvent,并传入一个eventArgument参数,在这个例子中sourceControl就是__EVENTTARGET对应的Web Control:Button2,eventArgument就是__EVENTTARGET对应的值:一个空字符串。Button2的类型是System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button。我们来看看System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button中的RaisePostBackEvent方法是如何定义的: