android进程间通信:使用AIDL

    技术2022-07-03  98

    原文地址::http://blog.csdn.net/saintswordsman/archive/2010/01/04/5130947.aspx

     

     

     

      欢迎阅读本文,你能关注本文,你知道你需要进程间通信、需要AIDL(以及Binder),那么可以默认你对这些概念已经有了一些了解,你(大致)知道它们是什么,它们有什么用,所以为了节约大家的眼力和时间,在此我不复制粘贴网上泛滥的博客或者翻译冗长的android文档。

          关于AIDL的介绍在文档:docs/guide/developing/tools/aidl.html

          关于IBinder的介绍在文档:docs/reference/android/os/IBinder.html

          以及Binder:docs/reference/android/os/Binder.html

          在后文中,我将以我自己的理解向你介绍相关的概念。以我目前粗浅的经验,应用程序使用AIDL的地方,几乎都和Service有关,所以你也需要知道一些关于Service的知识。日后得闲我也会继续写一些关于Service的贴。

          本文将以一个例子来和你分享使用AIDL的基础技能,这个例子里有:

    1、一个类mAIDLActivity,继承Activity。里面有三个按钮,text分别为StartService,StopService,CallbackTest。

    2、一个类mAIDLService,继承Service。为了充分展示ADIL的功能,它做以下工作:当用户点击CallbackTest按钮时,从mAIDLActivity调用mAIDLService中的Stub 对象的一个方法invokCallBack(),而这个方法又会调用mAIDLActivity中Stub 对象的一个方法performAction(),这个方法在屏幕上显示一个toast。没什么意义,只是展示一下AIDL如何使用。

    3、两个AIDL文件:forService.aidl和forActivity.aidl。对应名字,在Service和Activity中分别有对象需要用到它们定义的接口。

    4、相关XML文件,略过。关于manifest中Service的语法,见docs/guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html。你也可以简单地在<application></application>中加入

         <service android:name=".mAIDLService" android:process=":remote"> </service>

    开发环境为Eclipse。

    拣重要的先说,来看看aidl文件的内容:

    文件:forActivity.aidl

    package com.styleflying.AIDL; interface forActivity {  void performAction();  }  

    文件:forService.aidl

    package com.styleflying.AIDL; import com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity; interface forService {  void registerTestCall(forActivity cb);  void invokCallBack(); }  

    这两个文件和Java文件放置的地方一样,看包名。

    在Eclipse中它们将被自动编译为forActivity.java和forService.java,它们存放在gen目录下。为了方便手头无法演练的读者,代码贴上,不用细看。

    文件forActivity.java:

    /*  * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY.  * Original file: D://workspace//AIDLTest//src//com//styleflying//AIDL//forActivity.aidl  */ package com.styleflying.AIDL; import java.lang.String; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.IInterface; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.Parcel; public interface forActivity extends android.os.IInterface { /** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */ public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity { private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity"; /** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */ public Stub() { this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR); } /**  * Cast an IBinder object into an forActivity interface,  * generating a proxy if needed.  */ public static com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj==null)) { return null; } android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity))) { return ((com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity)iin); } return new com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity.Stub.Proxy(obj); } public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return this; } @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true; } case TRANSACTION_performAction: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); this.performAction(); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } } return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } private static class Proxy implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity { private android.os.IBinder mRemote; Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() { return DESCRIPTOR; } public void performAction() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_performAction, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } } static final int TRANSACTION_performAction = (IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0); } public void performAction() throws android.os.RemoteException; }  

    文件forService.java:

    /*  * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY.  * Original file: D://workspace//AIDLTest//src//com//styleflying//AIDL//forService.aidl  */ package com.styleflying.AIDL; import java.lang.String; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.IInterface; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.Parcel; public interface forService extends android.os.IInterface { /** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */ public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forService { private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.styleflying.AIDL.forService"; /** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */ public Stub() { this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR); } /**  * Cast an IBinder object into an forService interface,  * generating a proxy if needed.  */ public static com.styleflying.AIDL.forService asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj==null)) { return null; } android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.styleflying.AIDL.forService))) { return ((com.styleflying.AIDL.forService)iin); } return new com.styleflying.AIDL.forService.Stub.Proxy(obj); } public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return this; } @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true; } case TRANSACTION_registerTestCall: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity _arg0; _arg0 = com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity.Stub.asInterface(data.readStrongBinder()); this.registerTestCall(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } case TRANSACTION_invokCallBack: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); this.invokCallBack(); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } } return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } private static class Proxy implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forService { private android.os.IBinder mRemote; Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() { return DESCRIPTOR; } public void registerTestCall(com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity cb) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeStrongBinder((((cb!=null))?(cb.asBinder()):(null))); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_registerTestCall, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } public void invokCallBack() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_invokCallBack, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } } static final int TRANSACTION_registerTestCall = (IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0); static final int TRANSACTION_invokCallBack = (IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1); } public void registerTestCall(com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity cb) throws android.os.RemoteException; public void invokCallBack() throws android.os.RemoteException; }  

    两段代码差不多,前面基本一样,从后面看,最后跟着我们在AIDL中自定义的方法,没有实现。两个文件各定义一个了接口,这两个接口分别会在Activity和Service中使用,在那里我们将实现自定义的方法。两个接口中都定义了一个抽象类Stub,实现所在的接口。Stub中又有一个类Proxy。Stub中有一个static的asInterface()方法,里面有很多return语句,在mAIDLActivity中调用它时,它返回一个新创建的内部类Proxy对象。

    这个Stub对我们来说很有用,它继承了Binder。Binder有什么用呢?一个类,继承了Binder,那么它的对象就可以被远程的进程使用了(前提是远程进程获取了这个类的对象【对象的引用】,至于如如何获得看下文),在本例中就是说,如果一个Service中有一个继承了Stub的类的对象,那么这个对象中的方法就可以在Activity中使用,对Activity也是这样。至于Binder的细节,网上有很多贴介绍,看不明白也不影响我们完成这个例子。

    再看mAIDLActivity.java:

    package com.styleflying.AIDL; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; public class mAIDLActivity extends Activity {  private static final String TAG = "AIDLActivity";  private Button btnOk;     private Button btnCancel;     private Button btnCallBack;         private void Log(String str) {         Log.d(TAG, "------ " + str + "------");         }         private forActivity mCallback = new forActivity.Stub() {   public void performAction() throws RemoteException   {    Toast.makeText(mAIDLActivity.this, "this toast is called from service", 1).show();   }   };     forService mService;  private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {   public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,     IBinder service) {    mService = forService.Stub.asInterface(service);    try {     mService.registerTestCall(mCallback);}    catch (RemoteException e) {         }    }   public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {    Log("disconnect service");    mService = null;    }   };     @Override     public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {      super.onCreate(icicle);         setContentView(R.layout.main);         btnOk = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_ok);         btnCancel = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_cancel);         btnCallBack = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_callback);         btnOk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {          public void onClick(View v) {              Bundle args = new Bundle();                 Intent intent = new Intent(mAIDLActivity.this, mAIDLService.class);                 intent.putExtras(args);                 bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);                 startService(intent);                 }             });         btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {          public void onClick(View v) {              unbindService(mConnection);              //stopService(intent);              }             });         btnCallBack.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {        @Override    public void onClick(View v)    {     try     {      mService.invokCallBack();     } catch (RemoteException e)     {      // TODO Auto-generated catch block      e.printStackTrace();     }    }   });         } }

    很短,相信大家很容易看明白。注意mConnection,它的onServiceConnected()中有一句mService = forService.Stub.asInterface(service);给mService赋值了,这个mService是一个forService,而service是onServiceConnected()传进来的参数,onServiceConnected()会在连接Service的时候被系统调用,这个service参数的值来自哪里呢?看mAIDLService.java:

    package com.styleflying.AIDL; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteCallbackList; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; public class mAIDLService extends Service {     private static final String TAG = "AIDLService";      private forActivity callback;     private void Log(String str) {         Log.d(TAG, "------ " + str + "------");     }     @Override     public void onCreate() {         Log("service create");     }     @Override     public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {         Log("service start id=" + startId);     }         @Override     public IBinder onBind(Intent t) {         Log("service on bind");         return mBinder;     }     @Override     public void onDestroy() {         Log("service on destroy");         super.onDestroy();     }     @Override     public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {         Log("service on unbind");         return super.onUnbind(intent);     }     public void onRebind(Intent intent) {         Log("service on rebind");         super.onRebind(intent);     }     private final forService.Stub mBinder = new forService.Stub() {   @Override   public void invokCallBack() throws RemoteException   {    callback.performAction();       }   @Override   public void registerTestCall(forActivity cb) throws RemoteException   {    callback = cb;       }             }; }

    注意onBind(),它的返回类型为IBinder,返回了一个mBinder,看看mBinder的定义:

        private final forService.Stub mBinder = new forService.Stub() {

            @Override         public void invokCallBack() throws RemoteException         {             callback.performAction();          }

            @Override         public void registerTestCall(forActivity cb) throws RemoteException         {             callback = cb;

            }

           };

    它是实现了我们在AIDL中定义的方法,这个mBinder最终返回给了mAIDLActivity中的mService,于是在mAIDLActivity中可以使用mBinder中的方法了。在mAIDLActivity中也有一个类似mBinder的对象,看看定义:   

            private forActivity mCallback = new forActivity.Stub()

        {         public void performAction() throws RemoteException         {             Toast.makeText(mAIDLActivity.this, "this toast is called from service", 1).show();         }       };

    我们要在界面上显示一个toast,就是在这里实现的。这个对象,在mConnection的onServiceConnected()被调用时,通过调用mService(也就是远程的mAIDLService中的mBinder)的registerTestCall(),传递给了mAIDLService,于是在mAIDLService中可以调用performAction()了。

    很啰嗦,只为了能把这个细节说清楚。请大家认真看,我尽量避免错别字、混乱的大小写和逻辑不清的语法,相信你会看明白。是不是很简单?再啰嗦一下,做一个大致总结,我们使用AIDL是要做什么呢:

    让Acticity(或者说一个进程/一个类?)和Service(或者说远端进程/远端类/对象?)获取对方的一个Stub对象,这个对象在定义时实现了我们在AIDL中定义的方法,于是这些远程对象中的方法可以在本地使用了。如果这种使用(通信)是单向的,比如只是Activity需要通知Service做什么,那么只要Service中有一个Stub对象,并且传给Acticity就够了。

    至于如何获得远程的Stub,参看上面的代码,看mConnection、registerTestCall、onRebind,它们展示了一种方法。

    另外,有时候我们可能在一个类中有多个Stub对象,它们都要给远程交互的类的实例,这个时候可以考虑使用RemoteCallbackList<>(docs/reference/android/os/RemoteCallbackList.html)。

    欢迎阅读、收藏本文。例子随手写的,功能只在演示AIDL的使用。您可以转载本文,但请勿盲目乱贴。不是我小气,我不权威,我怕它被贴到泛滥,以讹传讹,害了人。

     

    本文来自博客,转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/saintswordsman/archive/2010/01/04/5130947.aspx

     

     

     

     

     


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