JSON(JavaScript Object Notation,JavaScript对象表示法)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。
JSON是“名值对”的集合。结构由大括号'{}',中括号'[]',逗号',',冒号':',双引号'“”'组成,包含的数据类型有Object,Number,Boolean,String,Array, NULL等。
可以使用DataContractJsonSerializer类将类型实例序列化为JSON字符串,并将JSON字符串反序列化为类型实例。DataContractJsonSerializer在System.Runtime.Serialization.Json命名空间下,.NET Framework 3.5包含在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,需要添加对其的引用;.NET Framework 4在System.Runtime.Serialization中。
利用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化和反序列化的代码:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.IO; using System.Text; /// <summary> /// JSON序列化和反序列化辅助类 /// </summary> public class JsonHelper { /// <summary> /// JSON序列化 /// </summary> public static string JsonSerializer<T>(T t) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); ser.WriteObject(ms, t); string jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()); ms.Close(); return jsonString; } /// <summary> /// JSON反序列化 /// </summary> public static T JsonDeserialize<T>(string jsonString) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonString)); T obj = (T)ser.ReadObject(ms); return obj; } }
序列化Demo:
简单对象Person:
public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } }
序列化为JSON字符串:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Person p = new Person(); p.Name = "张三"; p.Age = 28; string jsonString = JsonHelper.JsonSerializer<Person>(p); Response.Write(jsonString); }输出结果:
{"Age":28,"Name":"张三"}反序列化Demo:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string jsonString = "{/"Age/":28,/"Name/":/"张三/"}"; Person p = JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<Person>(jsonString); }JSON格式不直接支持日期和时间。DateTime值值显示为“/Date(700000+0500)/”形式的JSON字符串,其中第一个数字(在提供的示例中为 700000)是 GMT 时区中自 1970 年 1 月 1 日午夜以来按正常时间(非夏令时)经过的毫秒数。该数字可以是负数,以表示之前的时间。示例中包括“+0500”的部分可选,它指示该时间属于Local类型,即它在反序列化时应转换为本地时区。如果没有该部分,则会将时间反序列化为Utc。
修改Person类,添加LastLoginTime:
public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public DateTime LastLoginTime { get; set; } } Person p = new Person(); p.Name = "张三"; p.Age = 28; p.LastLoginTime = DateTime.Now; string jsonString = JsonHelper.JsonSerializer<Person>(p);
序列化结果:
{"Age":28,"LastLoginTime":"//Date(1294499956278+0800)//","Name":"张三"}1 、在后台使用正则表达式对其替换处理。修改JsonHelper:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.IO; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; /// <summary> /// JSON序列化和反序列化辅助类 /// </summary> public class JsonHelper { /// <summary> /// JSON序列化 /// </summary> public static string JsonSerializer<T>(T t) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); ser.WriteObject(ms, t); string jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()); ms.Close(); //替换Json的Date字符串 string p = @"///Date/((/d+)/+/d+/)///"; MatchEvaluator matchEvaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertJsonDateToDateString); Regex reg = new Regex(p); jsonString = reg.Replace(jsonString, matchEvaluator); return jsonString; } /// <summary> /// JSON反序列化 /// </summary> public static T JsonDeserialize<T>(string jsonString) { //将"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"格式的字符串转为"//Date(1294499956278+0800)//"格式 string p = @"/d{4}-/d{2}-/d{2}/s/d{2}:/d{2}:/d{2}"; MatchEvaluator matchEvaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertDateStringToJsonDate); Regex reg = new Regex(p); jsonString = reg.Replace(jsonString, matchEvaluator); DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonString)); T obj = (T)ser.ReadObject(ms); return obj; } /// <summary> /// 将Json序列化的时间由/Date(1294499956278+0800)转为字符串 /// </summary> private static string ConvertJsonDateToDateString(Match m) { string result = string.Empty; DateTime dt = new DateTime(1970,1,1); dt = dt.AddMilliseconds(long.Parse(m.Groups[1].Value)); dt = dt.ToLocalTime(); result = dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); return result; } /// <summary> /// 将时间字符串转为Json时间 /// </summary> private static string ConvertDateStringToJsonDate(Match m) { string result = string.Empty; DateTime dt = DateTime.Parse(m.Groups[0].Value); dt = dt.ToUniversalTime(); TimeSpan ts = dt - DateTime.Parse("1970-01-01"); result = string.Format("///Date({0}+0800)///",ts.TotalMilliseconds); return result; } }
序列化Demo:
Person p = new Person(); p.Name = "张三"; p.Age = 28; p.LastLoginTime = DateTime.Now; string jsonString = JsonHelper.JsonSerializer<Person>(p);运行结果:
{"Age":28,"LastLoginTime":"2011-01-09 01:00:56","Name":"张三"}反序列化Demo:
string json = "{/"Age/":28,/"LastLoginTime/":/"2011-01-09 00:30:00/",/"Name/":/"张三/"}"; p=JsonHelper.JsonDeserialize<Person>(json);在后台替换字符串适用范围比较窄,如果考虑到全球化的有多种语言还会更麻烦。
2、利用JavaScript处理
function ChangeDateFormat(jsondate) { jsondate = jsondate.replace("/Date(", "").replace(")/", ""); if (jsondate.indexOf("+") > 0) { jsondate = jsondate.substring(0, jsondate.indexOf("+")); } else if (jsondate.indexOf("-") > 0) { jsondate = jsondate.substring(0, jsondate.indexOf("-")); } var date = new Date(parseInt(jsondate, 10)); var month = date.getMonth() + 1 < 10 ? "0" + (date.getMonth() + 1) : date.getMonth() + 1; var currentDate = date.getDate() < 10 ? "0" + date.getDate() : date.getDate(); return date.getFullYear() + "-" + month + "-" + currentDate; }
在JSON数据中,所有的集合、字典和数组都表示为数组。
List<T>序列化:
List<Person> list = new List<Person>() { new Person(){ Name="张三", Age=28}, new Person(){ Name="李四", Age=25} }; string jsonString = JsonHelper.JsonSerializer<List<Person>>(list);
序列化结果:
"[{/"Age/":28,/"Name/":/"张三/"},{/"Age/":25,/"Name/":/"李四/"}]"字典不能直接用于JSON,Dictionary字典转化为JSON并不是跟原来的字典格式一致,而是形式以Dictionary的Key作为名称”Key“的值,以Dictionary的Value作为名称为”Value“的值 。如:
Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>(); dic.Add("Name", "张三"); dic.Add("Age", "28"); string jsonString = JsonHelper.JsonSerializer < Dictionary<string, string>>(dic);
序列化结果:
1: "[{/"Key/":/"Name/",/"Value/":/"张三/"},{/"Key/":/"Age/",/"Value/":/"28/"}]"