Spring 多数据源事务配置问题

技术2023-03-29 43

第一步、测试能否配置多个DataSource第二步、测试能否配置多个SessionFactory第三步、测试能否配置多个TransactionManager第四步、测试能否使用多个TransactionManager，也就是看能否配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>基本上到第四步就应该走不通了，因为Spring中似乎不能配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>，而且@transactional注解也无法让用户选择具体使用哪个TransactionManager。也就是说，在SpringSide的应用中，不能让不同的数据源分别属于不同的事务管理器，多数据源只能使用分布式事务管理器，那么测试思路继续如下进行：第五步、测试能否配置JTATransactionManager如果到这一步，项目还能顺利在Tomcat中运行的话，我们就算大功告成了。但我总认为事情不会那么顺利，我总觉得JTATransactionManager需要应用服务器的支持，而且需要和JNDI配合使用，具体是不是这样，那只有等测试后才知道。如果被我不幸言中，那么进行下一步：第六步、更换Tomcat为GlassFish，更换JDBC的DataSource为JNDI查找的DataSource，然后配置JTATransactionManager下面测试开始，先假设场景，还是继续用上一篇中提到的简单的文章发布系统，假设该系统运行一段时间后非常火爆，单靠一台服务器已经无法支持巨大的用户数，这时候，站长想到了把数据进行水平划分，于是，需要建立一个索引数据库，该索引数据库需保存每一篇文章的Subject及其内容所在的Web服务器，而每一个Web服务器上运行的项目，需要同时访问索引数据库和内容数据库。所以，需要创建索引数据库，如下：

create database puretext_index; use puretext_index; create table articles(id int primary key auto_increment,subject varchar ( 256 ),webserver varchar ( 30 ));

第一步测试，配置多个DataSource，配置文件如下：application.properties：

jdbc.urlContent = jdbc:mysql://localhost: 3306 /PureText?useUnicode = true&characterEncoding = utf8jdbc.urlIndex = jdbc:mysql://localhost: 3306 /PureText_Index?useUnicode = true&characterEncoding = utf8

applicationContext.xml：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd" default-lazy-init ="true" > < description > Spring公共配置文件 </ description >  < bean class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name ="systemPropertiesModeName" value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" /> < property name ="ignoreResourceNotFound" value ="true" /> < property name ="locations" > < list >  < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >  < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >   </ list > </ property > </ bean >  < context:component-scan base-package ="cn.puretext" />  < bean id ="dataSourceContent" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >  < property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name ="url" value ="${jdbc.urlContent}" /> < property name ="username" value ="${jdbc.username}" /> < property name ="password" value ="${jdbc.password}" />  < property name ="initialSize" value ="5" /> < property name ="maxActive" value ="100" /> < property name ="maxIdle" value ="30" /> < property name ="maxWait" value ="1000" /> < property name ="poolPreparedStatements" value ="true" /> < property name ="defaultAutoCommit" value ="false" /> </ bean > < bean id ="dataSourceIndex" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >  < property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name ="url" value ="${jdbc.urlIndex}" /> < property name ="username" value ="${jdbc.username}" /> < property name ="password" value ="${jdbc.password}" />  < property name ="initialSize" value ="5" /> < property name ="maxActive" value ="100" /> < property name ="maxIdle" value ="30" /> < property name ="maxWait" value ="1000" /> < property name ="poolPreparedStatements" value ="true" /> < property name ="defaultAutoCommit" value ="false" /> </ bean >    < bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceContent" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean >  < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" /> </ bean >    < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" /> </ beans >

这个时候运行上一篇文章中写好的单元测试DaoTest.java，结果发现还是会出错，错误原因如下：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'cn.puretext.unit.service.DaoTest': Autowiring of methods failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests.setDataSource(javax.sql.DataSource); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.sql.DataSource] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [dataSourceContent, dataSourceIndex]经过分析，发现是测试类的基类需要注入DataSource，而现在配置了多个DataSource，所以Spring不知道哪个DataSource匹配了，所以需要改写DaoTest.java，如下：

改变的内容主要为重写了基类中的setDataSource方法，并使用@Resource注解指定使用的DataSource为dataSourceContent。经过修改后，单元测试成功运行。第二步，配置多个SessionFactory，配置文件如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd" default-lazy-init ="true" > < description > Spring公共配置文件 </ description >  < bean class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name ="systemPropertiesModeName" value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" /> < property name ="ignoreResourceNotFound" value ="true" /> < property name ="locations" > < list >  < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >  < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >   </ list > </ property > </ bean >  < context:component-scan base-package ="cn.puretext" />  < bean id ="dataSourceContent" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >  < property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name ="url" value ="${jdbc.urlContent}" /> < property name ="username" value ="${jdbc.username}" /> < property name ="password" value ="${jdbc.password}" />  < property name ="initialSize" value ="5" /> < property name ="maxActive" value ="100" /> < property name ="maxIdle" value ="30" /> < property name ="maxWait" value ="1000" /> < property name ="poolPreparedStatements" value ="true" /> < property name ="defaultAutoCommit" value ="false" /> </ bean > < bean id ="dataSourceIndex" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >  < property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name ="url" value ="${jdbc.urlIndex}" /> < property name ="username" value ="${jdbc.username}" /> < property name ="password" value ="${jdbc.password}" />  < property name ="initialSize" value ="5" /> < property name ="maxActive" value ="100" /> < property name ="maxIdle" value ="30" /> < property name ="maxWait" value ="1000" /> < property name ="poolPreparedStatements" value ="true" /> < property name ="defaultAutoCommit" value ="false" /> </ bean >    < bean id ="sessionFactoryContent" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceContent" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean > < bean id ="sessionFactoryIndex" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceIndex" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean >  < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactoryContent" /> </ bean >    < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" /> </ beans >

运行单元测试，报错，错误代码如下：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'cn.puretext.unit.service.DaoTest': Autowiring of fields failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private cn.puretext.dao.ArticleDao cn.puretext.unit.service.DaoTest.articleDao; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'articleDao': Autowiring of methods failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.SimpleHibernateDao.setSessionFactory(org.hibernate.SessionFactory); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [sessionFactoryContent, sessionFactoryIndex]这和上面出现的错误是异曲同工的，只不过这次是ArticleDao类里面不知道注入哪一个SessionFactory，因此，需要修改ArticleDao类，重写setSessionFactory方法，并用@Resource注解指定，如下：

package cn.puretext.dao; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.HibernateDao; import cn.puretext.entity.web.Article;@Repository public class ArticleDao extends HibernateDao < Article, Long > { @Override @Resource(name = " sessionFactoryContent " ) public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super .setSessionFactory(sessionFactory); }}

运行单元测试，成功。第三步、配置多个TransactionManager，如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd" default-lazy-init ="true" > < description > Spring公共配置文件 </ description >  < bean class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name ="systemPropertiesModeName" value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" /> < property name ="ignoreResourceNotFound" value ="true" /> < property name ="locations" > < list >  < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >  < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >   </ list > </ property > </ bean >  < context:component-scan base-package ="cn.puretext" />  < bean id ="dataSourceContent" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >  < property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name ="url" value ="${jdbc.urlContent}" /> < property name ="username" value ="${jdbc.username}" /> < property name ="password" value ="${jdbc.password}" />  < property name ="initialSize" value ="5" /> < property name ="maxActive" value ="100" /> < property name ="maxIdle" value ="30" /> < property name ="maxWait" value ="1000" /> < property name ="poolPreparedStatements" value ="true" /> < property name ="defaultAutoCommit" value ="false" /> </ bean > < bean id ="dataSourceIndex" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method ="close" >  < property name ="driverClassName" value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> < property name ="url" value ="${jdbc.urlIndex}" /> < property name ="username" value ="${jdbc.username}" /> < property name ="password" value ="${jdbc.password}" />  < property name ="initialSize" value ="5" /> < property name ="maxActive" value ="100" /> < property name ="maxIdle" value ="30" /> < property name ="maxWait" value ="1000" /> < property name ="poolPreparedStatements" value ="true" /> < property name ="defaultAutoCommit" value ="false" /> </ bean >    < bean id ="sessionFactoryContent" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceContent" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean > < bean id ="sessionFactoryIndex" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceIndex" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean >  < bean id ="transactionManagerContent" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactoryContent" /> </ bean > < bean id ="transactionManagerIndex" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactoryIndex" /> </ bean >    < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManagerContent" /> </ beans >

这个时候运行还是会出错，出错的原因为 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'transactionManager' is defined，因为该出错信息很短，我也难以找出究竟是哪个地方需要名为“transactionManager”的事务管理器，改个名字都不行，看来Spring的自动注入有时候也错综复杂害人不浅。不过，如果把上面的其中一个名字改成“transactionManger”，另外一个名字不改，运行是成功的，如下：

< bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactoryContent" /> </ bean > < bean id ="transactionManagerIndex" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactoryIndex" /> </ bean >

这个时候得出结论是，可以配置多个TransactionManager，但是必须有一个的名字是transactionManager。第四步、配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>，如下：

< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" /> < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManagerIndex" />

运行测试，天啦，竟然成功了。和我之前预料的完全不一样，居然在一个配置文件中配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>一点问题都没有。那么在使用@Transactional的地方，它真的能够选择正确的事务管理器吗？我不得不写更多的代码来进行测试。那就针对索引数据库中的表写一个Entity，写一个Dao测试一下吧。代码如下：

package cn.puretext.entity.web; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Table; import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache; import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy; import cn.puretext.entity.IdEntity;@Entity // 表名与类名不相同时重新定义表名. @Table(name = " articles " ) // 默认的缓存策略. @Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE) public class ArticleIndex extends IdEntity { private String subject; private String webServer; public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this .subject = subject; } @Column(name = " webserver " ) public String getWebServer() { return webServer; } public void setWebServer(String webServer) { this .webServer = webServer; }}

package cn.puretext.dao; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.HibernateDao; import cn.puretext.entity.web.ArticleIndex;@Repository public class ArticleIndexDao extends HibernateDao < ArticleIndex, Long > { @Override @Resource(name = "sessionFactoryIndex") public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory); }}

package cn.puretext.unit.service; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import org.springside.modules.orm.Page; import org.springside.modules.test.junit4.SpringTxTestCase; import cn.puretext.dao.ArticleDao; import cn.puretext.dao.ArticleIndexDao; import cn.puretext.entity.web.Article; import cn.puretext.entity.web.ArticleIndex; import cn.puretext.service.ServiceException; public class DaoTest extends SpringTxTestCase { @Autowired private ArticleDao articleDao; @Autowired private ArticleIndexDao articleIndexDao; public void setArticleIndexDao(ArticleIndexDao articleIndexDao) { this .articleIndexDao = articleIndexDao; } public void setArticleDao(ArticleDao articleDao) { this .articleDao = articleDao; } @Override @Resource(name = " dataSourceContent " ) public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super .setDataSource(dataSource); } @Test @Transactional public void addArticle() { Article article = new Article(); article.setSubject( " article test " ); article.setContent( " article test " ); articleDao.save(article); } @Test @Transactional public void pageQuery() { Page < Article > page = new Page < Article > (); page.setPageSize( 10 ); page.setPageNo( 2 ); page = articleDao.getAll(page); List < Article > articles = page.getResult(); } @Test @Transactional public void addIndex() { ArticleIndex articleIndex = new ArticleIndex(); articleIndex.setSubject( " test " ); articleIndex.setWebServer( " www001 " ); articleIndexDao.save(articleIndex); } @Test @Transactional public void addArticleAndAddIndex() { addArticle(); addIndex(); throw new ServiceException( " 测试事务回滚 " ); }}

运行测试，结果还是成功的。到目前，发现在一个项目中使用多个TransactionManager可以正常运行，但是有两个问题需要考虑：1、为什么必须得有一个TransactionManager名字为transactionManager？2、这两个TransactionManager真的能正常工作吗？3、OpenSessionInView的问题怎么解决？以上的三个问题在单元测试中是不能找出答案的，我只好再去写Action层的代码，期望能够从中得到线索。经过一天艰苦的努力，终于真相大白：1、并不是必须有一个TransactionManager的名字为transactionMananger，这只是单元测试在搞鬼，在真实的Web环境中，无论两个TransactionManager取什么名字都可以，运行不会报错。所以这个答案很明确，是因为单元测试的基类需要一个名为 transactionMananger的事务管理器。2、在单元测试中，只能测试Dao类和Entity类能否正常工作，但是由于单元测试结束后事务会自动回滚，不会把数据写入到数据库中，所以没有办法确定两个TransactionManager能否正常工作。在真实的Web环境中，问题很快就浮出水面，只有一个数据库中有数据，另外一个数据库中没有，经过调整<tx:annotation-driven/>的位置并对比分析，发现只有放在前面的TransactionMananger的事务能够正常提交，放在后面的TransactionManager的事务不能提交，所以永远只有一个数据库里面有数据。3、如果早一点脱离单元测试而进入真实的Web环境，就会早一点发现OpenSessionInViewFilter的问题，因为只要配置多个 SessionFactory，运行的时候OpenSessionInViewFilter就会报错。为了解决这个问题，我只能去阅读 OpenSessionInViewFilter的源代码，发现它在将Session绑定到线程的时候用的是Map，而且使用 SessionFactory作为Map的key，这就说明在线程中绑定多个Session不会冲突，也进一步说明可以在web.xml中配置多个 OpenSessionInViewFilter。而我也正是通过配置多个OpenSessionInViewFilter来解决问题的。我的 web.xml文件如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < web-app version ="2.4" xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" > < display-name > PureText </ display-name >  < context-param > < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name > < param-value > classpath*:/applicationContext*.xml </ param-value > </ context-param >  < filter > < filter-name > encodingFilter </ filter-name > < filter-class > org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name > encoding </ param-name > < param-value > UTF-8 </ param-value > </ init-param > < init-param > < param-name > forceEncoding </ param-name > < param-value > true </ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter > < filter > < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterContent </ filter-name > < filter-class > org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.OpenSessionInViewFilter </ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name > excludeSuffixs </ param-name > < param-value > js,css,jpg,gif </ param-value > </ init-param > < init-param > < param-name > sessionFactoryBeanName </ param-name > < param-value > sessionFactoryContent </ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter > < filter > < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterIndex </ filter-name > < filter-class > org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.OpenSessionInViewFilter </ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name > excludeSuffixs </ param-name > < param-value > js,css,jpg,gif </ param-value > </ init-param > < init-param > < param-name > sessionFactoryBeanName </ param-name > < param-value > sessionFactoryIndex </ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter >  < filter > < filter-name > springSecurityFilterChain </ filter-name > < filter-class > org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy </ filter-class > </ filter >  < filter > < filter-name > struts2Filter </ filter-name > < filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter </ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name > encodingFilter </ filter-name > < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > < filter-mapping > < filter-name > springSecurityFilterChain </ filter-name > < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > < filter-mapping > < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterContent </ filter-name > < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > < filter-mapping > < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterIndex </ filter-name > < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > < filter-mapping > < filter-name > struts2Filter </ filter-name > < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping >  < listener > < listener-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class > </ listener >  < listener > < listener-class > org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener </ listener-class > </ listener >  < session-config > < session-timeout > 20 </ session-timeout > </ session-config >  < error-page > < exception-type > java.lang.Throwable </ exception-type > < location > /common/500.jsp </ location > </ error-page > < error-page > < error-code > 500 </ error-code > < location > /common/500.jsp </ location > </ error-page > < error-page > < error-code > 404 </ error-code > < location > /common/404.jsp </ location > </ error-page > < error-page > < error-code > 403 </ error-code > < location > /common/403.jsp </ location > </ error-page > </ web-app >

经过上面的分析，发现使用多个TransactionManager是不可行的（这个时候我在想，也许不使用Annotation就可以使用多个 TransactionMananger吧，毕竟Spring的AOP应该是可以把不同的TransactionManager插入到不同的类和方法中，但是谁愿意走回头路呢？毕竟都已经是@Transactional的年代了），虽然运行不会报错，但是只有一个TransactionManager的事务能够正常提交。所以测试进入下一步：

第五步、使用JTATransactionManager

简单地修改配置文件，使用JTATransactionManager做为事务管理器，配置文件我就不列出来了，运行，结果抱错，错误信息如下：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '_filterChainProxy': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '_filterChainList': Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)' of type [org.springframework.security.config.OrderedFilterBeanDefinitionDecorator$OrderedFilterDecorator] while setting bean property 'filters' with key [10]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'filterSecurityInterceptor' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'filterSecurityInterceptor' defined in file [D:/Temp/1-PureText/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-security.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'databaseDefinitionSource' while setting bean property 'objectDefinitionSource'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'databaseDefinitionSource': FactoryBean threw exception on object creation; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor#0': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in file [D:/Temp/1-PureText/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: No JTA UserTransaction available - specify either 'userTransaction' or 'userTransactionName' or 'transactionManager' or 'transactionManagerName'

通过分析，发现其中最关键的一句是No JTA UserTransaction available，看来，我们只能进入到第六步，使用GlassFish了。

第六步、将项目部署到GlassFish中

将项目简单地部署到GlassFish中之后，项目可以成功运行，没有报错，说明JTA UserTransaction问题解决了，但是检查数据库却发现依然没有数据，看来JTATransactionManager不仅要和应用服务器配合使用，还要和JNDI数据源一起使用。将数据源的配置修改为JNDI后，问题解决。下面是我的配置文件：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd" default-lazy-init ="true" > < description > Spring公共配置文件 </ description >  < bean class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name ="systemPropertiesModeName" value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" /> < property name ="ignoreResourceNotFound" value ="true" /> < property name ="locations" > < list >  < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >  < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >   </ list > </ property > </ bean >  < context:component-scan base-package ="cn.puretext" />  < jee:jndi-lookup id ="dataSourceContent" jndi-name ="jdbc/dataSourceContent" /> < jee:jndi-lookup id ="dataSourceIndex" jndi-name ="jdbc/dataSourceIndex" />  < bean id ="sessionFactoryContent" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceContent" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean > < bean id ="sessionFactoryIndex" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" > < property name ="dataSource" ref ="dataSourceIndex" /> < property name ="namingStrategy" > < bean class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" /> </ property > < property name ="hibernateProperties" > < props > < prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop > < prop key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name ="packagesToScan" value ="cn.puretext.entity.*" /> </ bean >    < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager" />  < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" /> </ beans >

最后，我得出的结论是：要想使用多个数据库，就必须使用JTATransactionMananger，必须使用GlassFish等应用服务器而不是Tomcat，必须使用JNDI来管理dataSource。

如果一定要使用Tomcat呢？这确实是一个难题，但是并不代表着没有解决办法。经过广泛的Google一番之后，终于发现了一个好东东，那就是JOTM，它的全称就是Java Open Transaction Mananger，它的作用就是可以单独提供JTA事务管理的功能，不需要应用服务器。JOTM的使用方法有两种，一种就是把它配置到项目中，和 Spring结合起来使用，另外一种就是把它配置到Tomcat中，这时，Tomcat摇身一变就成了和GlassFish一样的能够提供JTA功能的服务器了。JOTM的官方网站为http://jotm.ow2.org，这是它的新网站，旧网站为http://jotm.objectweb.org。我选择了把JOTM 2.0.11整合到Tomcat中的方法进行了测试，结果发现还是不能够正常运行，我使用的是JOTM2.0.11，Tomcat 6.0.20，JKD 6 Update10。看来还得继续折腾下去了。另外一个开源的JTA事务管理器是Atomikos，它供了事务管理和连接池，不需要应用服务器支持，其官方网站为http://www.atomikos.com/。有兴趣的朋友可以试试。

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