Oracle GoldenGate软件基于数据库日志结构变化，通过解析源端在线日志或归档日志获得数据增量，再将这些变化应用到目标数据库，从而实现源库和目标库的数据同步。下面通过一个简单的示例，详细介绍利用GoldenGate实现Oracle数据库之间的同步。基本架构如下图所示：
1. 安装
1.1 下载介质
GoldenGate的安装介质可以从Oracle的官网上下载。
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html
1.2 配置GoldenGate用户
下载完成后将其拷贝到源和目标的相应位置解压完成后，即可以开始进行配置。
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba ggate# su – ggate$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/ggate$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate$ tar ……
注意，如果使用Oracle 11g的数据库，需要创建一个link文件。
$ ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so -/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
添加如下的内容：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/app/oracle/ggateexport GGATE=/u01/app/oracle/ggate
1.3 创建目录
使用ggsci工具，创建必要的目录。
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for OracleVersion 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18
Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs
至此，GoldenGate基本的安装完成。
Note. 此部分需要在源端和目标端完成。
2. 源数据库配置
GoldenGate主要通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析，将获取的数据应用到目标端，实现数据同步。因此，为了让GoldenGate能够正常工作，源数据库需要进行一定配置。
2.1 设置源库为归档模式
SQL> shutdown immediateSQL> startup mountSQL> alter database archivelog;SQL> alter database open;
2.2 开启minimal supplemental logging
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
SQL> select SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN from v$database;
SUPPLEME——–YES
2.3 关闭数据库的recyblebin
SQL> alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;
如果数据库是10g，需要关闭recyclebin并重启；或者手工purge recyclebin。
2.4 配置复制的DDL支持
SQL> create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggate;
SQL> @$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;SQL> @$GGATE/role_setup.sql;SQL> grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;
2.5 创建源端和目标端的测试用户
source
SQL> create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender;
destination
SQL> create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;
3. 配置manager
在源端和目标端分别执行下面的步骤。
3.1 创建manager
[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since ChkptMANAGER STOPPED
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr
PORT 7809
ggate (gridcontrol) 3> start manager
Manager started.
4. 配置源端复制队列
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1
extract ext1userid ggate@source, password oraclermthost centos4, mgrport 7809rmttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/ltddl include mapped objname sender.*;table sender.*;
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPEDEXTRACT STOPPED EXT1 00:00:00 00:10:55
5. 配置目标端同步队列
5.1 在目标端添加checkpoint表
[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL –添加下列内容
GGSCHEMA ggateCHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate@targetPassword:
Successfully logged into database. GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.
5.2 创建同步队列
GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1
replicat rep1ASSUMETARGETDEFSuserid ggate@target, password ggatediscardfile /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10DDLmap sender.*, target receiver.*;
6. 开启同步
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt MANAGER RUNNINGEXTRACT RUNNING EXT1 00:00:00 00:00:05
GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1
GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt MANAGER RUNNINGREPLICAT RUNNING REP1 00:00:00 00:00:00
7. 验证结果
源端：
SQL> create table sender.test_tab_1 (id number,rnd_str varchar2(12));SQL> insert into sender.test_tab_1 values (1,’test_1′);SQL> commit;
目标端：
SQL> select * from receiver.test_tab_1; ID RND_STR———- ————1 test_1
