Mysql 主从数据库同步

    技术2025-03-20  18

    环境:

    主服务器:centos 5.2 mysql 5.1.35 源码 IP:192.168.1.22 从服务器:centos 5.2 mysql 5.1.35 源码  IP:192.168.1.33

    配置:

    一、主服务器     1.1、创建一个复制用户,具有replication slave 权限。 mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.22' identified by 'repl';     1.2、编辑my.cnf文件 vi /etc/my.cnf 添加 server-id=1 并开启log-bin二进制日志文件 log-bin=mysql-bin 注:需要把默认的server-id=1去掉     1.3、启动mysql数据库 mysqld_safe --user=mysql &     1.4、设置读锁 mysql>flush tables with read lock;     1.5、得到binlog日志文件名和偏移量 mysql>show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.0000010 |      106|              |                  | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+     1.6、备份要同步的数据库 mysqldump test > test.sql     1.7、解锁 mysql>unlock tables;   二、从服务器         2.1、编辑my.cnf文件 vi /etc/my.cnf 添加 server-id=2 注:需要把默认的server-id=1去掉     2.2、启动从数据库 mysqld_safe --user=mysql &         2.3、对从数据库进行相应设置 mysql> change master to         -> master_host='192.168.1.22'         -> master_user='repl'         -> master_password='repl'         -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.0000010'         -> master_log_pos=106;         2.4、启动从服务器slave线程 mysql>start slave; 执行show processlist命令显示以下进程: mysql>show processlist/G *************************** 2. row ***************************          Id: 2      User: system user      Host:             db: NULL Command: Connect      Time: 2579     State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it      Info: NULL 表示slave已经连接上master,开始接受并执行日志          2.5、查看slave线程状态 mysql>show slave status; *************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.22                   Master_User: repl                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.0000010          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106               Relay_Log_File: centos-relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 529        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.0000010             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:            Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106              Relay_Log_Space: 830              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)  

    验证是否配置正确

    在从服务器上执行 show slave status/G; Waiting for master to send event Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 如以上二行同时为Yes 说明配置成功  

    测试

    1、在主服务器test数据库中创建user表 mysql>use test; mysql>create table user(id int); 2、在从服务器中查看user表 mysql>use test; mysql> show tables like 'user'; +----------------------+ | Tables_in_test(user) | +----------------------+ | user                 |    +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 说明主从数据同步成功。  

    问题?

    1.在从数据库中查看slave状态时出现 The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it) 说明方从服务器里my.cnf中的server-id有相同的。 解决办法: 修改my.cnf里的server-id,并重启数据库服务。my.cnf文件默认有server-id=1   其它说明 主服务器my.cnf #binlog-do-db=需要备份的数据库名,可写多行#binlog-ignore-db=不需要备份的数据库名,可写多行从服务器my.cnf # replicate-do-db=test  需要备份的数据库名# replicate-ignore-db=mysql 忽略的数据库# master-connect-retry=60 如果从服务器发现主服务器断掉,重新连接的时间差(秒) 以下设置也可直接修改my.cnf配置文件 log-bin=mysql-binmaster-host=192.168.1.22 master-user=repl master-password=replmaster-port=3306 主从服务器同步维护 由于各种原因,导致主从数据不一致,在负载低的时候,进行手动同步. 在主服务器上执行   mysql>flush tables with read lock; Query OK,rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql>show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.0000011 |      260|              |                  | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 在从服务器上执行 先得到当前主服务器的二进制文件名和偏移量,执行命令使从服务器与主服务器同步 mysql>select master_pos_wait('mysql-bin.0000011','260'); +--------------------------------------------------+ | master_pos_wait('mysql-bin.0000011','260')            | +--------------------------------------------------+ |  0                                                                   |    +--------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 同步完成后,在主服务器上执行解锁 mysql>unlock tables;   切换主从服务器   当主服务器出现故障时,可将从服务器当主服务器来使用.步骤如下: 1、保证所有从数据库都已经执行了relay log中的全部更新,在从服务器中执行 stop slave io_thread,用show processlist检查,查看状态是否是Has read all relay log,表示更新完成. mysql>stop slave io_thread; Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec) mysql>show processlist/G; *************************** 2. row ***************************     Id: 2   User: system user   Host:      db: NULLCommand: Connect   Time: 4757  State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it   Info: NULL 2、在从服务器上执行stop slave,reset master命令,重置成主数据库 mysql>stop slave; Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec) mysql>reset master; Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec)

    3、删除新的主服务器数据库目录中的master.info和relay-log.info文件,否则下次重启时还会按照从服务器来启动.

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