aroma materials

Tobacco

A Review by John C. Leffingwell, Ph.D.

This a part of our series on aroma materials produced by carotenoid degradation.

Undoubtedly due to health and social concerns, tobacco has been the most thoroughly researched natural product in history. We believe that well over U.S. 100 million dollars has been expended in the study of tobacco constituent composition. Over 2700 compounds have been identified in various tobacco varieties (Virginia, Burley and Oriental) and it is estimated that in excess of 6000 may be in tobacco smoke.

The study of tobacco constituents has identified seminal knowledge of importance to our understanding of plant constituents (e.g., identification and structural elucidation of the ubiquitous plant constituent, solanesol), the first identification of the class known as cembranoids, the finding that novel sugar esters in the leaf waxes act as both insect repellent and as the aroma precursor for Oriental tobacco, the discovery of 2-acetylpyrazine with its characteristic "popcorn" aroma, and especially to our knowledge of carotenoid degradation which is of importance to the flavor and aroma of many flowers and foodstuffs. In addition, our knowledge of genetic engineering was pioneered through use of the tobacco plant.

This review focuses solely on the aspect of potential aroma constituents produced by carotenoid degradation and does not touch on the many other classes of compounds in tobacco.

The following charts provide an overview of various aroma constituents produced in tobacco leaf via oxidative carotenoid degradation.

  Aroma Properties of Selected Tobacco Carotenoid Derivatives

NameStructureAroma Properties

beta-Ionone

Woody, violet, fruity; woody-raspberry on dilution

alpha-Ionone

Woody balsamic, violet-raspberry in dilution

beta-Damascone

Fruity (apple-citrus), tea-like with slight minty note

beta-Damascenone

Fruity, floral with apple, plum-raisen, tea, rose, tobacco note

Oxo-Edulan I

Oriental Tobacco like

Oxo-Edulan II

Oriental Tobacco like

Theaspirone

Tea like

4-Oxo-beta-ionone

Sweet rich like Virginia tobacco

3-Oxo-alpha-Ionone

Sweet, floral

Dihydroactinodiolide

Weak , slightly cooling

Safanal

Saffron, green, sweet, hay-like

beta-Cyclocitral

Green, grassy hay like odor

References