使用Axis编写WebService比较简单，就我的理解，WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别，主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService，以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。
本例子的WebService提供了两个方法，分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串，没有参数，第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数，返回"Hello 参数值"，该例子比较简单，但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。
服务代码提供了两个函数，分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，源代码如下：
/* * File name: HelloService.java * * Version: v1.0 * * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:40:20 AM * * Designed by Stephen * * (c)Copyright 2008 */package com.sinosoft.webservice;/** * @author Stephen * * Test web service */public class HelloService { /** * 不带参数的函数 * * @return 返回Hello字符串 */ public String sayHello() { return "Hello"; } /** * 带参数的函数 * * @param name * 名称 * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词 */ public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) { if (name == null || name.equals("")) { name = "nobody"; } return "Hello " + name; }}
要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService，需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis创建WebService服务的例子。
在该例子中，在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。
1. 在Tomcat的webapps下创建如下文件系统
ws
WEB-INF
lib
classes
2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下创建web.xml文件，该文件的内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD WebApplication 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app> <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name> <listener> <listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet </servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name> <param-value>5001</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet --> <!-- <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> --> <session-config> <!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts --> <session-timeout>5</session-timeout> </session-config> <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL; http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response --> <mime-mapping> <extension>wsdl</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <mime-mapping> <extension>xsd</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList"> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list></web-app>
在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。
在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置，但是还需要进行额外的配置。
复制axis相关的jar文件
将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF/lib文件夹下。这些文件包括：
activation.jaraxis.jaraxis-ant.jaraxis-schema.jarcommons-discovery-0.2.jarcommons-logging-1.0.4.jarjaxrpc.jarlog4j-1.2.8.jarmailapi.jarsaaj.jarwsdl4j-1.5.1.jarxmlsec-1.3.0.jar
复制WebService服务主文件
将HelloService.java编译后的class文件复制到WEB-INF/classes文件夹下，也就是说在WEB-INF/classes文件夹下的文件夹结构为：com/sinosoft/webservice，在webservice文件夹下有一个helloservice.class文件。
启动Tomcat服务，打开IE浏览器，访问地址http:host:port/ws/services，如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。
发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现，这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService，以后如果需要发布其他文件，只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。
文件deploy.wsdd内容如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"> <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC"> <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/> </service></deployment>
批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下：
java -cp E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/activation.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/axis-ant.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/axis-schema.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/axis.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/commons-discovery-0.2.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/jaxrpc.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/log4j-1.2.8.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/mailapi.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/saaj.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar;E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib/xmlsec-1.3.0.jar org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -lhttp://localhost:8090/ws/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd
其中E:/Stephen/Lib/axislib是存放axis对应的jar文件的文件夹，现在将所有的jar文件都加入到classpath中进行执行。
-l后的参数是本地要发布WebService的AdminService对应的访问地址。
最后deploy.wsdd是对应的配置文件名称。
将deploy.wsdd文件和deploywebservice.bat文件复制到同一个文件夹下，执行deploywebservice.bat批处理文件，就可以将deploy.wsdd中描述的Java类发布为WebService。发布完成之后在访问http://host:port/ws/services如下图所示：
从上图可以看出，发布成功后，多了一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。
访问http://host:port/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.3Built on Oct 05, 2005 (05:23:37 EDT)--> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"> <wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"> <wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="HelloService"> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name"> <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices"> <wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service></wsdl:definitions>
下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。
/* * File name: TestHelloService.java * * Version: v1.0 * * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM * * Designed by Stephen * * (c)Copyright 2008 */package test.com.sinosoft.webservice;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import javax.xml.namespace.QName;import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;import org.apache.axis.client.Call;import org.apache.axis.client.Service;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;/** * @author Stephen * * 测试调用WebService */public class TestHelloService { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class); private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8090/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl"; public static void main(String[] args) { TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService(); // tester.callSayHello(); tester.callSayHelloToPerson(); } public void callSayHello() { try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL( HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", "sayHello")); call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); try { String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {}); System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); return; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ServiceException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } log.error("call sayHello service error!"); } public void callSayHelloToPerson() { try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL( HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", "sayHelloToPerson")); call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN); call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); try { String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" }); System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); return; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ServiceException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } log.error("call sayHello service error!"); }}
