Hibernate 继承映射

    技术2026-06-09  2

    继承映射在 Annotation 中使用 @Inheritance 注解,并且需要使用 strategy 属性指定继承策略,继承策略有 SINGLE_TABLE、TABLE_PER_CLASS 和 JOINED 三种。


    一、SINGLE_TABLE

    SINGLE_TABLE 是将父类和其所有的子类集合在一块,存在一张表中,并创建一个新的字段来判断对象的类型。

    Person.java:

    1: @Entity 2: @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) 3: @DiscriminatorColumn(name="discriminator",discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING) 4: @DiscriminatorValue("person") 5: public class Person { 6: @Id 7: @GeneratedValue 8: private int id; 9: private String name; 10: //Getters and setters omitted here... 11: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    @Inheritance 的 strategy 属性是指定继承关系的生成策略,@DiscriminatorColumn 注解作用是指定生成的新的判断对象类型的字段的名称和类型,@DiscriminatorValue 注解是确定此类(Person)的标示,即 DiscriminatorColumn 的值。

    Student.java:

    1: @Entity 2: @DiscriminatorValue("student") 3: public class Student extends Person{ 4: private int score; 5: //Getters and setters omitted here... 6: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    Teacher.java:

    1: @Entity 2: @DiscriminatorValue("teacher") 3: public class Teacher extends Person{ 4: private String title; 5: //Getters and setters omitted here... 6: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    生成的数据库表如下:

    存入数据后结构如下:


    二、TABLE_PER_CLASS

    TABLE_PER_CLASS 是为每一个类创建一个表,这些表是相互独立的。

    Person.java:

    1: @Entity 2: @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS) 3: public class Person { 4: @Id 5: private int id; 6: private String name; 7: //Getters and setters omitted here... 8: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    Student.java:

    1: @Entity 2: public class Student extends Person{ 3: private int score; 4: //Getters and setters omitted here... 5: }

    .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }Teacher.java:

    1: @Entity 2: public class Teacher extends Person{ 3: private String title; 4: //Getters and setters omitted here... 5: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    创建的数据库表如下:

     


    三、JOINED

    JOINED 是将父类、子类分别存放在不同的表中,并且建立相应的外键,以确定相互之间的关系。

    Person.java:

    1: @Entity 2: @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED) 3: public class Person { 4: @Id 5: @GeneratedValue 6: private int id; 7: private String name; 8: //Getters and setters omitted here... 9: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    子类中只需声明与父类不同的域即可:

    Student.java:

    1: @Entity 2: public class Student extends Person{ 3: private int coat; 4: //Getters and setters omitted here... 5: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

    Teacher.java 类似。

    生成的数据库表如下:


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