基于Struts2拦截器的权限控制

    技术2026-08-19  20

    最近闲来无事,自己做了个通过struts2拦截器的权限控制的小例子。主要是通过struts2的核心拦截器机制,不依赖于容器,实现一个可以精确到方法上的细粒度的权限控制。      该小例子借鉴了网上一些前辈们,还有学界同行们的项目经验,我取其优秀的部分,稍加加工,改造而成,还非常不完善,欢迎大家批评指正。该小例子只供学习交流,无意于商业化中使用,也无意于挑起任何争端。     下面是一些类的代码,这里可能需要大家对注解比较熟悉,不过不熟悉也不影响,和xml配置文件起的是一样的作用,都是将属性映射成为表的字段。 首先呢,建立一个注解类,名字叫Permission。这个注解类的代码如下

    Java代码 package com.zxyg.web.action.privilege;      import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;   import java.lang.annotation.Retention;   import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;   import java.lang.annotation.Target;     /**   * 权限配置 注解类   * @author Lan   *   */  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //注解的存活时间,整个运行时都存活   @Target(ElementType.METHOD) //此注解表示只能在方法上面有效   public @interface Permission {       /** 模块名 **/      String model();       /** 权限值 **/      String privilegeValue();   }   package com.zxyg.web.action.privilege; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * 权限配置 注解类 * @author Lan * */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //注解的存活时间,整个运行时都存活 @Target(ElementType.METHOD) //此注解表示只能在方法上面有效 public @interface Permission { /** 模块名 **/ String model(); /** 权限值 **/ String privilegeValue(); }

    这个类,就是将来要在方法上打标记的。 接下来要建立几个跟权限相关的实体类了。 首先是权限实体类,类的代码如下

    Java代码 package com.zxyg.bean.privilege;     import javax.persistence.Column;   import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;   import javax.persistence.Entity;   import javax.persistence.Table;     /**   * 系统权限实体   * @author Lan   *    */  @Entity  @Table(name="t_systemprivilege")   public class SystemPrivilege {       /** 权限值**/      private SystemPrivilegePK id;       /** 权限名称**/      private String name;              public SystemPrivilege() {}         public SystemPrivilege(SystemPrivilegePK id) {           this.id = id;       }         public SystemPrivilege(String model, String privilegeValue, String name) {           this.id = new SystemPrivilegePK(model, privilegeValue);           this.name = name;       }         @EmbeddedId //复合主键的标注       public SystemPrivilegePK getId() {           return id;       }         public void setId(SystemPrivilegePK id) {           this.id = id;       }         @Column(length=20, nullable=false)       public String getName() {           return name;       }         public void setName(String name) {           this.name = name;       }   }   package com.zxyg.bean.privilege; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Table; /** * 系统权限实体 * @author Lan * */ @Entity @Table(name="t_systemprivilege") public class SystemPrivilege { /** 权限值**/ private SystemPrivilegePK id; /** 权限名称**/ private String name; public SystemPrivilege() {} public SystemPrivilege(SystemPrivilegePK id) { this.id = id; } public SystemPrivilege(String model, String privilegeValue, String name) { this.id = new SystemPrivilegePK(model, privilegeValue); this.name = name; } @EmbeddedId //复合主键的标注 public SystemPrivilegePK getId() { return id; } public void setId(SystemPrivilegePK id) { this.id = id; } @Column(length=20, nullable=false) public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

    这个类主要包含两个属性,一个是权限值,另外一个是权限的名称,权限值呢,实际也是一个类,这里采用的是复合主键的形式,权限值的实体类代码如下

    Java代码 package com.zxyg.bean.privilege;     import javax.persistence.Column;   import javax.persistence.Embeddable;     /**   * 系统权限复合主键类   * @author Lan   *    */  @Embeddable  public class SystemPrivilegePK {       /** 模块名 **/      private String model;       /** 权限值 **/      private String privilegeValue;              public SystemPrivilegePK() {}         public SystemPrivilegePK(String model, String privilegeValue) {           this.model = model;           this.privilegeValue = privilegeValue;       }         @Column(length=25, name="model")       public String getModel() {           return model;       }         public void setModel(String model) {           this.model = model;       }         @Column(length=20, name="privilegeValue")       public String getPrivilegeValue() {           return privilegeValue;       }         public void setPrivilegeValue(String privilegeValue) {           this.privilegeValue = privilegeValue;       }   }   package com.zxyg.bean.privilege; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Embeddable; /** * 系统权限复合主键类 * @author Lan * */ @Embeddable public class SystemPrivilegePK { /** 模块名 **/ private String model; /** 权限值 **/ private String privilegeValue; public SystemPrivilegePK() {} public SystemPrivilegePK(String model, String privilegeValue) { this.model = model; this.privilegeValue = privilegeValue; } @Column(length=25, name="model") public String getModel() { return model; } public void setModel(String model) { this.model = model; } @Column(length=20, name="privilegeValue") public String getPrivilegeValue() { return privilegeValue; } public void setPrivilegeValue(String privilegeValue) { this.privilegeValue = privilegeValue; } }

    这个类有两个属性,一个是模块的名称,一个是模块对应的值。其实呢,这里在数据库里面的权限表里存储的就是对某个资源的什么操作,描述名称是什么,比如 role delete 角色删除 意思就是对role这个模块的删除操作,这个呢,就是一个具体的权限。 最后一个实体类就比较简单了,是角色类,类代码如下

    Java代码 package com.zxyg.bean.privilege;     import java.util.HashSet;   import java.util.Set;     import javax.persistence.CascadeType;   import javax.persistence.Column;   import javax.persistence.Entity;   import javax.persistence.FetchType;   import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;   import javax.persistence.Id;   import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;   import javax.persistence.JoinTable;   import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;   import javax.persistence.Table;     import com.zxyg.bean.organization.Employee;       /**   * 角色实体   * @author Lan   *    */  @Entity  @Table(name="t_role")   public class Role {       /** 主键ID* */      private Integer id;       /** 角色名称* */      private String name;       /** 存放权限的集合,角色和权限是多对多的关系 * */      private Set<SystemPrivilege> privileges = new HashSet<SystemPrivilege>();              public Role() {}              public Role(Integer id) {           this.id = id;       }         @Id @GeneratedValue      public Integer getId() {           return id;       }         public void setId(Integer id) {           this.id = id;       }         @Column(length=20, nullable=false)       public String getName() {           return name;       }         public void setName(String name) {           this.name = name;       }         @ManyToMany(cascade=CascadeType.REFRESH, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)       @JoinTable(name="t_role_privilege", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="roleid"),               inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="model", referencedColumnName="model"),                                   @JoinColumn(name="privilegeValue", referencedColumnName="privilegeValue")}) //中间表,来存放角色、权限的关系       public Set<SystemPrivilege> getPrivileges() {           return privileges;       }         public void setPrivileges(Set<SystemPrivilege> privileges) {           this.privileges = privileges;       }              //定义此方法,方便添加权限       public void addPrivilege(SystemPrivilege privilege) {           this.privileges.add(privilege);       }   }   package com.zxyg.bean.privilege; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.FetchType; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.JoinTable; import javax.persistence.ManyToMany; import javax.persistence.Table; import com.zxyg.bean.organization.Employee; /** * 角色实体 * @author Lan * */ @Entity @Table(name="t_role") public class Role { /** 主键ID* */ private Integer id; /** 角色名称* */ private String name; /** 存放权限的集合,角色和权限是多对多的关系 * */ private Set<SystemPrivilege> privileges = new HashSet<SystemPrivilege>(); public Role() {} public Role(Integer id) { this.id = id; } @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } @Column(length=20, nullable=false) public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @ManyToMany(cascade=CascadeType.REFRESH, fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @JoinTable(name="t_role_privilege", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="roleid"), inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="model", referencedColumnName="model"), @JoinColumn(name="privilegeValue", referencedColumnName="privilegeValue")}) //中间表,来存放角色、权限的关系 public Set<SystemPrivilege> getPrivileges() { return privileges; } public void setPrivileges(Set<SystemPrivilege> privileges) { this.privileges = privileges; } //定义此方法,方便添加权限 public void addPrivilege(SystemPrivilege privilege) { this.privileges.add(privilege); } }

    这个类就比较简单了,具体看一下其中的关系即可,这里就不多做赘述了。 当你有一个Action类的时候,需要在方法上加标注描述了。举例如下

    Java代码 package com.zxyg.web.action.privilege;     import java.io.Serializable;     import javax.annotation.Resource;     import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;   import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;       import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;   import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.Role;   import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilege;   import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilegePK;   import com.zxyg.service.privilege.RoleService;   import com.zxyg.service.privilege.SystemPrivilegeService;   import com.zxyg.utils.SiteUrl;   import com.zxyg.web.action.base.BaseSupport;     @Controller @Scope("prototype")   public class RoleManageAction extends BaseSupport {       private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;       @Resource private RoleService roleService;       @Resource private SystemPrivilegeService privilegeService;       private Role role;              //接收前端传过来的权限数组,如"角色添加"、"角色删除"等       private SystemPrivilegePK[] privileges;              //接收前端传过来的roleid参数       private Integer roleid;              public Integer getRoleid() {           return roleid;       }         public void setRoleid(Integer roleid) {           this.roleid = roleid;       }         public SystemPrivilegePK[] getPrivileges() {           return privileges;       }         public void setPrivileges(SystemPrivilegePK[] privileges) {           this.privileges = privileges;       }         public Role getRole() {           return role;       }         public void setRole(Role role) {           this.role = role;       }           /**       * 显示角色添加页面       * @return       */      @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="insert")       public String addUI() {           ActionContext.getContext().put("privileges", privilegeService.getScrollData().getResultlist());           return "add";       }              /**       * 添加角色       * @return       */      @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="insert")       public String add() {           for(SystemPrivilegePK id : privileges) {               role.addPrivilege(new SystemPrivilege(id));           }           roleService.save(role);           ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();           context.put("message", "添加角色成功");           context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.role.list"));           return "message";       }              /**       * 显示角色修改页面       * @return       */      @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="update")       public String updateUI() {           role = roleService.find((Serializable)roleid);           ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();           context.put("role", role);           context.put("privileges", privilegeService.getScrollData().getResultlist());           context.put("selectprivileges", role.getPrivileges());           return "edit";       }              /**       * 修改角色       * @return       */      @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="update")       public String update() {           Role old_role = roleService.find((Serializable)roleid);           old_role.setName(role.getName());           old_role.getPrivileges().clear();           for(SystemPrivilegePK id : privileges) {               old_role.addPrivilege(new SystemPrivilege(id));           }           roleService.update(old_role);           ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();           context.put("message", "修改角色成功");           context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.role.list"));           return "message";       }              /**       * 删除角色       * @return       */      @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="delete")       public String delete() {           roleService.delete((Serializable)roleid);           ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();           context.put("message", "删除角色成功");           context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.role.list"));           return "message";       }   }   package com.zxyg.web.action.privilege; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.Role; import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilege; import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilegePK; import com.zxyg.service.privilege.RoleService; import com.zxyg.service.privilege.SystemPrivilegeService; import com.zxyg.utils.SiteUrl; import com.zxyg.web.action.base.BaseSupport; @Controller @Scope("prototype") public class RoleManageAction extends BaseSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Resource private RoleService roleService; @Resource private SystemPrivilegeService privilegeService; private Role role; //接收前端传过来的权限数组,如"角色添加"、"角色删除"等 private SystemPrivilegePK[] privileges; //接收前端传过来的roleid参数 private Integer roleid; public Integer getRoleid() { return roleid; } public void setRoleid(Integer roleid) { this.roleid = roleid; } public SystemPrivilegePK[] getPrivileges() { return privileges; } public void setPrivileges(SystemPrivilegePK[] privileges) { this.privileges = privileges; } public Role getRole() { return role; } public void setRole(Role role) { this.role = role; } /** * 显示角色添加页面 * @return */ @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="insert") public String addUI() { ActionContext.getContext().put("privileges", privilegeService.getScrollData().getResultlist()); return "add"; } /** * 添加角色 * @return */ @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="insert") public String add() { for(SystemPrivilegePK id : privileges) { role.addPrivilege(new SystemPrivilege(id)); } roleService.save(role); ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext(); context.put("message", "添加角色成功"); context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.role.list")); return "message"; } /** * 显示角色修改页面 * @return */ @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="update") public String updateUI() { role = roleService.find((Serializable)roleid); ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext(); context.put("role", role); context.put("privileges", privilegeService.getScrollData().getResultlist()); context.put("selectprivileges", role.getPrivileges()); return "edit"; } /** * 修改角色 * @return */ @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="update") public String update() { Role old_role = roleService.find((Serializable)roleid); old_role.setName(role.getName()); old_role.getPrivileges().clear(); for(SystemPrivilegePK id : privileges) { old_role.addPrivilege(new SystemPrivilege(id)); } roleService.update(old_role); ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext(); context.put("message", "修改角色成功"); context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.role.list")); return "message"; } /** * 删除角色 * @return */ @Permission(model="role", privilegeValue="delete") public String delete() { roleService.delete((Serializable)roleid); ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext(); context.put("message", "删除角色成功"); context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.role.list")); return "message"; } }

    看到这些方法上面的描述了吧,其实最终是要取得这些标注描述再来判断权限的。呵呵,接下来我们就写个拦截器了,这里面就是具体描述,当用户登录后如何和这些方法上的标注相互比对进行权限控制的,拦截器代码如下:

    Java代码 package com.zxyg.web.action.privilege;     import java.lang.reflect.Method;     import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;     import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;   import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;   import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;   import com.zxyg.bean.organization.Employee;   import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.Role;   import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilege;   import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilegePK;   import com.zxyg.utils.SiteUrl;     /**   * 使用拦截器进行系统权限的拦截   * @author Lan   *    */  public class PermissionInterceptor implements Interceptor {       private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;         public void destroy() {}         public void init() {}         /**       * 处理权限拦截       */      public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {           Employee employee = (Employee) ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession().getAttribute("employee"); //取得当前登录的用户           if (validate(employee, invocation)) {               return invocation.invoke();           }           ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();           context.put("message", "你没有权限执行该操作");           context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.center.right"));           return "message";       }         /**       * 校验控制在方法上的拦截       */      public boolean validate(Employee employee, ActionInvocation invocation) {           String methodName= "execute"; //定义默认的访问方法           Method currentMethod = null;           methodName = invocation.getProxy().getMethod(); //通过actionProxy,得到当前正在执行的方法名           try {               currentMethod = invocation.getProxy().getAction().getClass().getMethod(methodName, new Class[] {}); //利用反射,通过方法名称得到具体的方法               /*Method[] methods = invocation.getProxy().getAction().getClass().getMethods(); //如果不确定方法的具体参数,也可以迭代比较,速度较慢              for(Method method : methods ) {                  if(method.getName().equals(methodName)) {                      currentMethod = method;                      break;                  }              }*/          } catch (Exception e) {           }           if (currentMethod != null && currentMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Permission.class)) {               Permission permission = currentMethod.getAnnotation(Permission.class); //得到方法上的Permission注解               SystemPrivilege privilege = new SystemPrivilege(new SystemPrivilegePK(permission.model(), permission.privilegeValue())); //通过Permission注解构造出系统权限               for (Role role : employee.getRoles()) { //迭代用户所具有的具体权限,如果包含,返回true                   if (role.getPrivileges().contains(privilege))                        return true;               }               return false;           }           return true;       }     }   package com.zxyg.web.action.privilege; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor; import com.zxyg.bean.organization.Employee; import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.Role; import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilege; import com.zxyg.bean.privilege.SystemPrivilegePK; import com.zxyg.utils.SiteUrl; /** * 使用拦截器进行系统权限的拦截 * @author Lan * */ public class PermissionInterceptor implements Interceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public void destroy() {} public void init() {} /** * 处理权限拦截 */ public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { Employee employee = (Employee) ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession().getAttribute("employee"); //取得当前登录的用户 if (validate(employee, invocation)) { return invocation.invoke(); } ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext(); context.put("message", "你没有权限执行该操作"); context.put("urladdress", SiteUrl.readUrl("control.center.right")); return "message"; } /** * 校验控制在方法上的拦截 */ public boolean validate(Employee employee, ActionInvocation invocation) { String methodName= "execute"; //定义默认的访问方法 Method currentMethod = null; methodName = invocation.getProxy().getMethod(); //通过actionProxy,得到当前正在执行的方法名 try { currentMethod = invocation.getProxy().getAction().getClass().getMethod(methodName, new Class[] {}); //利用反射,通过方法名称得到具体的方法 /*Method[] methods = invocation.getProxy().getAction().getClass().getMethods(); //如果不确定方法的具体参数,也可以迭代比较,速度较慢 for(Method method : methods ) { if(method.getName().equals(methodName)) { currentMethod = method; break; } }*/ } catch (Exception e) { } if (currentMethod != null && currentMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Permission.class)) { Permission permission = currentMethod.getAnnotation(Permission.class); //得到方法上的Permission注解 SystemPrivilege privilege = new SystemPrivilege(new SystemPrivilegePK(permission.model(), permission.privilegeValue())); //通过Permission注解构造出系统权限 for (Role role : employee.getRoles()) { //迭代用户所具有的具体权限,如果包含,返回true if (role.getPrivileges().contains(privilege)) return true; } return false; } return true; } }

    这些代码呢,其实已经简单的描述了下,就是将用户存储在数据库中间表中的角色对应的权限取出来,在构造出用户想访问的action中方法上的权限描述,相互比对,如果包含,则可以访问,否则没有权限访问。 最后就是struts.xml文件的配置了,配置好拦截器,就都搞定了,配置文件如下

    Java代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>   <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC       "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"      "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">     <struts>       <package name="privilege" namespace="/control/role" extends="struts-default">           <interceptors>               <!-- 定义权限拦截器 -->               <interceptor name="permission" class="com.zxyg.web.action.privilege.PermissionInterceptor"/>               <!-- 定义拦截器栈,所谓拦截器栈,是指由一个或多个拦截器组成 -->               <interceptor-stack name="permissionStack">                   <!-- struts2提供的拦截器栈,包含了struts2的很多核心拦截器 -->                   <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />                   <!-- 自己定义的放在最后面,struts2定义的放在前面 -->                   <interceptor-ref name="permission" />               </interceptor-stack>           </interceptors>                      <!-- 为此包下的所有action应用拦截器 -->           <default-interceptor-ref name="permissionStack" />                      <global-results>               <result name="message">/WEB-INF/page/share/message.jsp</result>           </global-results>                      <!-- 显示角色列表 -->           <action name="list" class="roleListAction" method="execute">               <result name="success">/WEB-INF/page/privilege/rolelist.jsp</result>           </action>                      <!-- 角色管理 -->           <action name="manage_*" class="roleManageAction" method="{1}">               <result name="add">/WEB-INF/page/privilege/addrole.jsp</result>               <result name="edit">/WEB-INF/page/privilege/editrole.jsp</result>           </action>       </package>   </struts>   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="privilege" namespace="/control/role" extends="struts-default"> <interceptors> <!-- 定义权限拦截器 --> <interceptor name="permission" class="com.zxyg.web.action.privilege.PermissionInterceptor"/> <!-- 定义拦截器栈,所谓拦截器栈,是指由一个或多个拦截器组成 --> <interceptor-stack name="permissionStack"> <!-- struts2提供的拦截器栈,包含了struts2的很多核心拦截器 --> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /> <!-- 自己定义的放在最后面,struts2定义的放在前面 --> <interceptor-ref name="permission" /> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> <!-- 为此包下的所有action应用拦截器 --> <default-interceptor-ref name="permissionStack" /> <global-results> <result name="message">/WEB-INF/page/share/message.jsp</result> </global-results> <!-- 显示角色列表 --> <action name="list" class="roleListAction" method="execute"> <result name="success">/WEB-INF/page/privilege/rolelist.jsp</result> </action> <!-- 角色管理 --> <action name="manage_*" class="roleManageAction" method="{1}"> <result name="add">/WEB-INF/page/privilege/addrole.jsp</result> <result name="edit">/WEB-INF/page/privilege/editrole.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>

    ok,到这里的时候,所有工作就完成了,当用户登录后,就可以进行访问进行权限拦截了的试验了。

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