Struts初体验之实施篇
baitianhai baichenhong@hotmail.com
开发环境 window2000+jbuilder7+tomcat4.1.12
首先，从http://jakarta.apache.org下载jakarta-struts-1.0.2.zip，解开后有两个主要目录lib和webapps，在lib目录中是使用struts创建应用程序所必需的文件,在webapps目录下有几个后缀是war的文件，熟悉java web开发的人都比较清楚，将他们copy到tomcat/ webapps/目录下，然后再重新启动tomcat，tomcat会将这些web工程部署好的，其中Struts-documentation.war是文档，Struts-example.war是一个不错的例子，我主要就是参考这个例子来做的。然后在jbuilder安装目录/lib/下建立 struts目录，将上面的lib目录下的东西copy进去，然后启动jbuilder7,运行菜单tools->configure->libraries->new->name 输入struts,然后选择刚才copy过去的struts.jar文件,然后OK。
其次，新建立一个工程，引用struts，服务器选择tomcat4，然后建立一个Jsp1.jsp文件，然后把lib/目录下的所有.tld文件copy到你建立的工程目录下的/defaultroot/WEB-INF/目录下面，在/defaultroot/WEB-INF/建立action.xml,内容如下：
<action-mappings>
<forward name="logon" path="/logon.jsp"/>
<action path="/logon"
actionClass="example.LogonAction"
formAttribute="logonForm"
formClass="example.LogonForm"
inputForm="/logon.jsp">
<forward name="success" path="/Jsp1.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
struts-config.xml文件，如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.0//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_0.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="logonForm"type="example.LogonForm"/>
</form-beans>
<global-forwards>
<forward name="logon" path="/logon.jsp"/>
</global-forwards>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/logon"
type="example.LogonAction"
name="logonForm"
scope="request"
input="/logon.jsp">
<forward name="success" path="/Jsp1.jsp"/>
</action>
<action path="/admin/addFormBean"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.AddFormBeanAction"/>
<action path="/admin/addForward"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.AddForwardAction"/>
<action path="/admin/addMapping"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.AddMappingAction"/>
<action path="/admin/reload"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ReloadAction"/>
<action path="/admin/removeFormBean"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.RemoveFormBeanAction"/>
<action path="/admin/removeForward"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.RemoveForwardAction"/>
<action path="/admin/removeMapping"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.RemoveMappingAction"/>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>
然后建立logon.jsp，内容如下：
<%@ page language="java" %><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %><html:html locale="true"><head><title><bean:message key="logon.title"/></title><html:base/></head><body bgcolor="white"><html:errors/><html:form action="/logon" focus="username"><table border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <th align="right"> <bean:message key="prompt.username"/> </th> <td align="left"> <html:text property="username" size="16" maxlength="16"/> </td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"> <bean:message key="prompt.password"/> </th> <td align="left"> <html:password property="password" size="16" maxlength="16" redisplay="false"/> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <html:submit property="submit" value="Submit"/> </td> <td align="left"> <html:reset/> </td> </tr></table></html:form></body></html:html>
然后建立一个class LogonForm.java，继承自ActionForm，打包在example内容如下
package example;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
public class LogonForm extends ActionForm {
private String password = null; private String username = null;
public String getPassword() { return password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
this.password = null; this.username = null;
}
public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); if ((username == null) || (username.length() < 1)) errors.add("username", new ActionError("error.username.required")); if ((password == null) || (password.length() < 1)) errors.add("password", new ActionError("error.password.required"));
return errors;
} }
然后建立一个class LogonAction.java，继承自Action，打包在example内容如下
package example;
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.Locale; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet; import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources;
public class LogonAction extends Action {
public ActionForward perform(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
Locale locale = getLocale(request); //MessageResources messages = getResources(); ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); String username = ((LogonForm) form).getUsername(); String password = ((LogonForm) form).getPassword();
// Report any errors we have discovered back to the original form if (!errors.empty()) { saveErrors(request, errors); return (new ActionForward(mapping.getInput())); }
// Save our logged-in user in the session HttpSession session = request.getSession(); session.setAttribute("user", "ok"); if (servlet.getDebug() >= 1) servlet.log("LogonAction: User :" + "' logged on in session " + session.getId());
// Remove the obsolete form bean if (mapping.getAttribute() != null) { if ("request".equals(mapping.getScope())) request.removeAttribute(mapping.getAttribute()); else session.removeAttribute(mapping.getAttribute()); }
// Forward control to the specified success URI return (mapping.findForward("success"));
}}
然后修改/defaultroot/WEB-INF/web.xml文件为
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>application</param-name> <param-value>example.ApplicationResources</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>detail</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>validate</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>debugjsp</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>jspCompilerPlugin</param-name> <param-value>com.borland.jbuilder.webserverglue.tomcat.jsp.JasperSunJavaCompiler</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>debugjsp</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>logon.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/app.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/app.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location> </taglib></web-app> 最后还有一个重要的问题，就是一开始我们说过Struts-example.war，安装后把/struts-example/WEB-INF/src/org/apache/struts/webapp/ApplicationResources.properties放到/defaultroot/WEB-INF/classes/example/目录下,然后就可以运行了,当你运行jbuilder后，在IE上键入http://localhost:8080/就会看到效果了，具体的解释请参见下一 解释篇
刚开始研究struts，所以把自己的经过给大家分享,欢迎大家批评指正
