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    3. Linux+Nginx+Php架设高性能WEB服务器（总结）

    Linux+Nginx+Php架设高性能WEB服务器（总结）

    技术2022-05-11  14

     自wiki.nginx.org的关于Nginx的介绍

     

    Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器 。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。尽管还是测试版，但是，Nginx 已经因为它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名了。

    本文是W3CGROUP在成功架设Nginx+Php Web服务器之后的一个总结，成功设置Nginx开启多域名多站点，并且不会出现502 Bad Gateway错误！

    本文测试环境如下：

    系统环境

    Linux version 2.6.9（CentOS release 4.7(Final)）

    软件环境

    nginx-0.6.35.tar.gz当前稳定版: Nginx 0.6.35 (2009年1月26日)官方Wiki：http://wiki.nginx.org官方下载：http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.35.tar.gz

    php-5.2.9.tar.gz官方下载：http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

    php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz官方下载：http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/archive/

    mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz

    libiconv-1.13.tar.gz

    libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

    mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

    mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

     

    Nginx0.6.35+Php5.2.9所有相关安装包下载 http://www.w3cgroup.com/code/nginx_php.rar

    安装步骤

    一、 编译安装PHP5.2.9所需的支持库

    tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gzcd libiconv-1.13/./configure --prefix=/usr/localmakemake installcd ../

    tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gzcd libmcrypt-2.5.8/./configuremakemake install/sbin/ldconfigcd libltdl/./configure --enable-ltdl-installmakemake installcd http://www.cnblogs.com/

    tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gzcd mhash-0.9.9.9/./configuremakemake installcd ../

    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.aln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

    tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gzcd mcrypt-2.6.8//sbin/ldconfig./configuremakemake installcd ../

    二、编译安装MySQL 5.1.34扩展库

    /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysqltar zxvf mysql-5.1.34.tar.gzcd mysql-5.1.34/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobasemake && make installchmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysqlcd ../

    MySql的安装此处就省略

    三、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

    tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gzgzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1cd php-5.2.9/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-saslmake ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'make installcp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.inicd ../

    四、修改php-fpm配置文件

    rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.confvi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

    输入以下内容：

    <?xml version="1.0" ?> <configuration> <section name="global_options"> <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value> <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value> <value name="log_level">notice</value> <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value> <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value> <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value> <value name="daemonize">yes</value> </section> <workers> <section name="pool"> <value name="name">default</value> <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value> <value name="listen_options"> <value name="backlog">-1</value> <value name="owner"></value> <value name="group"></value> <value name="mode">0666</value> </value> <value name="php_defines"> <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> <value name="display_errors">1</value> </value> <value name="user">www</value> <value name="group">www</value> <value name="pm"> <value name="style">static</value> <value name="max_children">128</value> <value name="apache_like"> <value name="StartServers">20</value> <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value> <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value> </value> </value> <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value> <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value> <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value> <value name="rlimit_files">51200</value> <value name="rlimit_core">0</value> <value name="chroot"></value> <value name="chdir"></value> <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> <value name="max_requests">500</value> <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> <value name="environment"> <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> <value name="TMP">/tmp</value> <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value> <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> </value> </section> </workers> </configuration>

    五、创建www用户组及www用户

    /usr/sbin/groupadd www/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

    六、编译安装Nginx

    tar zxvf nginx-0.6.35.tar.gzcd nginx-0.6.35/默认安装：./configuremake && make install默认情况下，Nginx 会被安装在 /usr/local/nginx。通过设定编译选项，你可以改变这个设定。

    指定编译选项安装，如：./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_modulemake && make installcd ../

    七、创建fcgi.conf文件

    rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.confvi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

    输入以下内容：

    fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

    fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

    fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

    # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirectfastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

    八、编辑Nginx配置文件

    rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.confvi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    输入以下内容：

    user www www;worker_processes 8;error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/logs/nginx_error.log crit;pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events {use epoll;worker_connections 51200;}

    http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;charset utf-8;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;client_header_buffer_size 32k;large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;client_max_body_size 8m;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 60;tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 300;fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;fastcgi_buffers 8 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.0;gzip_comp_level 2;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;gzip_vary on;

    #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;#多个站点设置，站点文件夹必须放在Nginx的html目录，否则不支持多站点server {listen 80;server_name www.v-ec.com;root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html/www.v-ec.com;index index.php index.html;

    location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fcgi.conf;}location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {expires 30d;}

    location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$ {expires 6h;}

    log_format veclog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';access_log logs/vec.log veclog;}#多个站点设置，站点文件夹必须放在Nginx的html目录，否则不支持多站点server {listen 80;server_name www.w3cgroup.com;root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html/www.w3cgroup.com;index index.php index.html;

    location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fcgi.conf;}location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {expires 30d;}

    location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$ {expires 6h;}

    log_format w3cclog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';access_log logs/w3c.log w3clog;}}

    九、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

    vi /etc/rc.local

    在末尾增加以下内容：

    ulimit -SHn 51200/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

    十、优化Linux内核参数

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf

    在末尾增加以下内容：

    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

    使配置立即生效：

    /sbin/sysctl –p

    做到这里，可以reboot重启Linux了，不出意外的话应该可以顺利开启Nginx

    平滑重启Nginx

    Ps aux | grep nginx找到Nginx的master process，假如为：5800，然后killKill –HUP 5800

    平滑重启Php

    /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm restart

    php-fpm的其他命令：start | stop | quit | restart | reload | logrotate

    专利

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